关于动词不定式、分词作表语、宾补的高中英语单选,请详细写出相应步骤

kuaidi.ping-jia.net  作者:佚名   更新日期:2024-08-02
英语单选

据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“He travelled to many mountains and saw many poor children, w..”主要考查你对 不定式,过去将来时 等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
考点名称:不定式
动词不定式的概念:
动词不定式指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、
表语、定语和状语。
不定式的特殊句型对比:
1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…:
1)too…to 太…以至于…。
例如:He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。 
—Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?
—Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。
例如:It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。(谚语) 
3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常…等于very。
例如:I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、不定式的特殊句型so as to:
1)表示目的:它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如:Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。   
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。
2)表示结果:
例如:Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。
3、不定式的特殊句型:Why not:
“Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……? 干吗不……?
例如:Why not take a holiday?

不定式的用法:
1、不定式作补语:
1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使
enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。
例如:Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。      
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。
例如:consider find believe think declare(声称) appoint guess fancy(设想) guess judge imagine know 等。
例如:We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。(tobe不能省去)
典型例题:Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer.
A. to invent 
B. inventing 
C. to have invented 
D. having invented 
答案:C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构,也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构,排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时,一般要求用不定式的完成式,故选C。 3)有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如:believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。
例如:We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2、不定式作主语:
不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 
例如:It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。 
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。 
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
3、不定式作表语:
不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语。
例如:My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。  
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4、不定式作定语:
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。
例如:I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。   
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。
5、不定式作状语:
1)目的状语:常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,so(such)...asto…(如此…以便…)。
例如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。  
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
例如:I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。  
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
3)表原因:
例如:I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件:
例如:He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
考点名称:过去将来时
过去将来时的概念:
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。

过去将来时的结构:

(1)would+动词原形:
如:She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。   
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 过去当你请她帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。   
(2)was/were going to+动词原形:
如:He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。   
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station.他说将要派我去火车站接她   
(3)was/were to+动词原形:
如:The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑改在下个月竣工。   
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。   
(4)was/were about to+动词原形:
如:We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时,天突然下起了大雨。   
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响起来了。   
(5)was/were+现在分词:
如:He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。   
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。  
过去将来时的用法:

(1)过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
如:He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们呆在一起。   
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。   
(2)过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中。
如:If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的话,我就不会那样做。   
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
过去将来时用法拓展:   
was/were going to+动词原形;
was/were to+动词原形;
was/were about to+动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
如:The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。   
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。   
I was about to tell him about it when WuDong go tin. 就在我要告诉他时,吴东进来了。

动名词不能做宾补
现在分词可以
现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别:
* 动词不定式作宾语和分词作宾语的区别:
⑴ 不定式作宾补—— 表示动作全过程已经结束。
⑵ 分词作宾补—— 表示动作的一部分正在进行。
I saw him playing football in thesports ground . 我看见他正在操场上踢球。
I saw him play football in thesports ground . 我看见他在操场上踢球了。
分词做宾补:
(1)现在分词作宾补 —— 表示宾语的主动。
⑵ 过去分词作宾补 —— 表示宾语的被动。
能搭配宾补的动词有:
see 、 hear 、notice 、 feel 、smell 、observe、 watch 、 listen to 、look at 、find 、send、 imagine 、 catch 、set 、 have 、 make 、get 、start、 leave 、 keep …
We heard the girl singing in theroom . 我们听见这个小女孩正在房间里唱歌。
He heard his name called .他听见有人叫他的名字。
I found the city greatly changed . 我发现这座城市变化很大。
She saw the thief caught bypolicemen . 她看见那个小偷被将查抓住了。
The joke set them all laughing . 这个笑话使他们大笑。
The teacher often caught him dozingoff in class . 老师经常抓到他上课打瞌睡。
I had my hair cut yesterday . 昨天我理发了。
I saw her walking across the road .我看见她正在过马路。



不定式做宾补:
作宾补 —— 有些动词可以用动词不定式作宾语补语。这类动词有:consider think believe know guess declare prove order allow tell imagine
suppose find expect …
It’s no use ordering me to restwhen the wounded are waiting .
在有伤员们等我救治的时候,命令我休息是没有用的。
He didn’t allow the ships to leavethe wharf . 他不准船只离开码头。
The teacher has told us not to lookat the books first . 老师叫我们不要先看书。
They considered him to be the bestman for the job . 他们认为他是最合适做这个工作的人。
We think him to be an able leader .我们认为他是个有才干的领导人。
I’ve never known him to be so busy. 我从来不知道他竟这么忙。

* 要求跟不定式作宾补的动词
① 劝教命请叫 ( advise teach order command ask tell )
② 允许又警告 ( allow permit warn )
③ 使役表意向 ( cause let have make lead set leave get wish want expect )
④ 知觉动词妙 ( feel hear watch see observe notice )

* 可跟省略to 的不定式作宾补的动词有
一感 feel
二听 hear listen to
三让 let have make
四看 see watch notice look at
半帮助 help to do / helpdo
若是宾补变主补,to字请回府。

1 Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, ___ an article for the wall newspaper?
A. have write这是have sb do sth句型 秃头不定式 作宾补 who是have的宾语
2 Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on, which made them heavy and difficult _ A. to use 动词不定式作状语 这是不定式的反射用法 其逻辑宾语就是定从中的宾语 them
3 Much disappointed as he is _______ in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence.
A. to have failed 不定式的完成形式作让步状语从句中的原因状语
4 Please tell me the after service of the computer; I’m worried about ____ a break down sometime.
 应该是.A. there being动名词短语作介词about的宾语
5 Standing there,I could almost smell the rain coming.And it did.Suddenly the flashed through the clouds,nearly ____ me.
A. blinding这是现在分词作伴随状语
6The first time I saw him, what impressed me most were his waistline ___ nearly 3 Chinese chi and his obesity ___ 210 jin.
A. measuring ;weighing 这是现在分词作定语 这两个动词相当于系动词 故用现在分词形式

个人表示写这些题目全靠了解单词意思,体会语境

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