washington的英文人物介绍
WASHINGTON, George (1732-1799), first president of the U.S., commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution. He symbolized qualities of discipline, aristocratic duty, military orthodoxy, and persistence in adversity that his contemporaries particularly valued as marks of mature political leadership.
Washington was born on Feb. 22, 1732, in Westmoreland Co., Va., the eldest son of Augustine Washington (1694??743), a Virginia planter, and Mary Ball Washington (1708?9). Although Washington had little or no formal schooling, his early notebooks indicate that he read in geography, military history, agriculture, deportment, and composition and that he showed some aptitude in surveying and simple mathematics. In later life he developed a style of speech and writing that, although not always polished, was marked by clarity and force. Tall, strong, and fond of action, he was a superb horseman and enjoyed the robust sports and social occasions of the Virginia planter society. At the age of 16 he was invited to join a party to survey lands owned by the Fairfax family (to which he was related by marriage) west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. His journey led him to take a lifelong interest in the development of western lands. In the summer of 1749 he was appointed official surveyor for Culpeper Co., and during the next two years he made many surveys for landowners on the Virginia frontier. In 1753 he was appointed adjutant of one of the districts into which Virginia was divided, with the rank of major.
Early Military Experience.
Washington played an important role in the struggles preceding the outbreak of the French and Indian War. He was chosen by Lt. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia to deliver an ultimatum calling on French forces to cease their encroachment in the Ohio River valley. The young messenger was also instructed to observe the strength of French forces, the location of their forts, and the routes by which they might be reinforced from Canada. After successfully completing this mission, Washington, then a lieutenant colonel, was ordered to lead a militia force for the protection of workers who were building a fort at the Forks of the Ohio River. Having learned that the French had ousted the work party and renamed the site Fort Duquesne, he entrenched his forces at a camp named Fort Necessity and awaited reinforcements. A successful French assault obliged him to accept articles of surrender, and he departed with the remnants of his company.
Washington resigned his commission in 1754, but in May 1755 he began service as a volunteer aide-de-camp to the British general Edward Braddock, who had been sent to Virginia with a force of British regulars. A few kilometers from Fort Duquesne, Braddock抯 men were ambushed by a band of French soldiers and Indians. Braddock was mortally wounded, and Washington, who behaved gallantly during the conflict, narrowly escaped death. In August 1755 he was appointed (with the rank of colonel) to command the Virginia regiment, charged with the defense of the long western frontier of the colony. War between France and Britain was officially declared in May 1756, and while the principal struggle moved to other areas, Washington succeeded in keeping the Virginia frontier relatively safe.
The American Revolution.
After the death of his elder half brother Lawrence (1718?2), Washington inherited the plantation known as Mount Vernon. A spectacular rise in the price of tobacco during the 1730s and ?0s, combined with his marriage in 1759 to Martha Custis, a young widow with a large estate, made him one of the wealthiest men in Virginia. Elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758, he served conscientiously but without special distinction for 17 years. He also gained political and administrative experience as justice of the peace for Fairfax Co.
Like other Virginia planters, Washington became alarmed by the repressive measures of the British crown and Parliament in the 1760s and early ?0s. In July 1774 he presided over a meeting in Alexandria that adopted the Fairfax Resolves, calling for the establishment and enforcement of a stringent boycott on British imports prior to similar action by the First Continental Congress. Together with his service in the House of Burgesses, his public response to unpopular British policies won Washington election as a Virginia delegate to the First Continental Congress in September and October 1774 and to the Second Continental Congress in 1775.
The opening campaigns of the war.
When fighting broke out between Massachusetts and the British in 1775, Congress named Washington commander of its newly created Continental army, hoping thus to promote unity between New England and Virginia. He took command of the makeshift force besieging the British in Boston in mid-July, and when the enemy evacuated the city in March 1776, he moved his army to New York. Defeated there in August by Gen. William Howe, he withdrew from Manhattan to establish a new defensive line north of New York City. In November he retreated across the Hudson River into New Jersey, and a month later crossed the Delaware to safety in Pennsylvania.
Although demoralized by Howe抯 easy capture of New York City and northern New Jersey, Washington spotted the points where the British were overextended. Recrossing the icy Delaware on the night of Dec. 25, 1776, he captured Trenton in a surprise attack the following morning, and on Jan. 3, 1777, he defeated British troops at Princeton. These two engagements restored patriot morale, and by spring Washington had 8000 new recruits. Impressed by such tenacity, Howe delayed moving against Washington until late August, when he landed an army at the head of Chesapeake Bay. Wanting to fight, Washington tried unsuccessfully to block Howe抯 advance toward Philadelphia at the Battle of Brandywine Creek in September. Following the British occupation of the city, he fought a minor battle with them at Germantown, but their superior numbers forced him to retreat. Washington and his men spent the following winter at Valley Forge, west of Philadelphia. During these months, when his fortunes seemed to have reached their lowest point, he thwarted a plan by his enemies in Congress and the army to have him removed as commander in chief.
In June 1778, after France抯 entry into the war on the American side, the new British commander, Sir Henry Clinton, evacuated Philadelphia and marched overland to New York; Washington attacked him at Monmouth, N.J., but was again repulsed. Washington blamed the defeat on Gen. Charles Lee抯 insubordination during the battle梩he climax of a long-brewing rivalry between the two men.
Victory.
Washington spent the next two years in relative inactivity with his army encamped in a long semicircle around the British bastion of New York City梖rom Connecticut to New Jersey. The arrival in 1780 of about 6000 French troops in Rhode Island under the comte de Rochambeau augmented his forces, but the weak U.S. government was approaching bankruptcy, and Washington knew that he had to defeat the British in 1781 or see his army disintegrate. He hoped for a combined American-French assault on New York, but in August he received word that a French fleet was proceeding to Chesapeake Bay for a combined land and sea operation against another British army in Virginia, and reluctantly agreed to march south.
Washington and Rochambeau抯 movement of 7000 troops, half of them French, from New York State to Virginia in less than five weeks was a masterpiece of execution. Washington sent word ahead to the marquis de Lafayette, commanding American forces in Virginia, to keep the British commander, Lord Cornwallis, from leaving his base of operations at Yorktown. At the end of September the Franco-American army joined Lafayette. Outnumbering the British by two to one, and with 36 French ships offshore to prevent Yorktown from being relieved by sea, Washington forced Cornwallis to surrender in October after a brief siege. Although peace and British recognition of U.S. independence did not come for another two years, Yorktown proved to be the last major land battle of the Revolution.
Washington as a military leader.
Washington抯 contribution to American victory was enormous, and analysis of his leadership reveals much about the nature of the military and political conflict. Being selective about where and when he fought the British main force prevented his foes from using their strongest asset, the professionalism and discipline of their soldiers. At the same time, Washington remained a conventional military officer. He rejected proposals made by Gen. Charles Lee early in the war for a decentralized guerrilla struggle. As a conservative, he shrank from the social dislocation and redistribution of wealth that such a conflict would cause; as a provincial gentleman, he was determined to show that American officers could be every bit as civilized and genteel as their European counterparts. The practical result of this caution and even inhibition was to preserve the Continental army as a visible manifestation of American government when allegiance to that government was tenuous.
Political Leadership.
In one of his last acts as commander, Washington issued a circular letter to the states imploring them to form a vibrant, vigorous national government. In 1783 he returned to Mount Vernon and became in the mid-1780s an enterprising and effective agriculturalist. Shay抯 Rebellion, an armed revolt in Massachusetts (1786?7), convinced many Americans of the need for a stronger government. Washington and other Virginia nationalists were instrumental in bringing about the Constitutional Convention of 1787 to promote that end. Elected as a delegate to the convention by the Virginia General Assembly, Washington was chosen its president. In this position he played virtually no role梕ither formal or behind the scenes梚n the deliberations of the convention; however, his reticence and lack of intellectual flair may well have enhanced his objectivity in the eyes of the delegates, thereby contributing to the unself-conscious give and take that was the hallmark of the framers?deliberations. Also, the probability that Washington would be the first president may have eased the task of designing that office. His attendance at the Constitutional Convention and his support for ratification of the Constitution were important for its success in the state conventions in 1787 and 1788.
First administration.
Elected president in 1788 and again in 1792, Washington presided over the formation and initial operation of the new government. His stiff dignity and sense of propriety postponed the emergence of the fierce partisanship that would characterize the administrations of his three successors桱ohn Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison. He also made several decisions of far-reaching importance. He instituted the cabinet, although no such body was envisioned by the Constitution. He was socially aloof from Congress, thus avoiding the development of court and opposition factions. By appointing Alexander Hamilton secretary of the treasury and Thomas Jefferson secretary of state, he brought the two ablest and most principled figures of the revolutionary generation into central positions of responsibility. Washington supported the innovations in fiscal policy proposed by Hamilton梐 funded national debt, the creation of the Bank of the United States, assumption of state debts, and excise taxes, especially on whiskey, by which the federal government would assert its power to levy controversial taxes and import duties high enough to pay the interest on the new national debt. Similarly, he allowed Jefferson to pursue a policy of seeking trade and cooperation with all European nations. Washington did not foresee that Hamilton抯 and Jefferson抯 policies were ultimately incompatible. Hamilton抯 plan for an expanding national debt yielding an attractive rate of return for investors depended on a high level of trade with Britain generating enough import-duty revenue to service the debt. Hamilton therefore felt that he had to meddle in foreign policy to the extent of leaking secret dispatches to the British.
Second administration.
The outbreak of war between revolutionary France and a coalition led by Britain, Prussia, and Austria in 1793 jeopardized American foreign policy and crippled Jefferson抯 rival foreign policy design. When the French envoy, Edmond Gen阾, arrived in Charleston in April 1793 and began recruiting American privateers梐nd promising aid to land speculators who wanted French assistance in expelling Spain from the Gulf Coast梂ashington insisted, over Jefferson抯 reservations, that the U.S. denounce Gen阾 and remain neutral in the war between France and Britain. Washington抯 anti-French leanings, coupled with the aggressive attitude of the new regime in France toward the U.S., thus served to bring about the triumph of Hamilton抯 pro-British foreign policy梖ormalized by Jay抯 Treaty of 1795, which settled outstanding American differences with Britain.
The treaty梬hich many Americans felt contained too many concessions to the British梩ouched off a storm of controversy. The Senate ratified it, but opponents in the House of Representatives tried to block appropriations to establish the arbitration machinery. In a rare display of political pugnacity, Washington challenged the propriety of the House tampering with treaty making. His belligerence on this occasion cost him his prized reputation as a leader above party, but it was also decisive in securing a 51?8 vote by the House to implement the treaty. Conscious of the value of his formative role in shaping the presidency and certainly stung by the invective hurled at advocates of the Jay Treaty, Washington carefully prepared a farewell address to mark the end of his presidency, calling on the U.S. to avoid both entangling alliances and party rancor.
After leaving office in 1797, Washington retired to Mount Vernon, where he died on Dec. 14, 1799.
Evaluation.
Washington抯 place in the American mind is a fascinating chapter in the intellectual life of the nation. Washington provided his contemporaries with concrete evidence of the value of the citizen soldier, the enlightened gentleman farmer, and the realistic nationalist in stabilizing the culture and politics of the young republic. Shortly after the president抯 death, an Episcopal clergyman, Mason Locke Weems, wrote a fanciful life of Washington for children, stressing the great man抯 honesty, piety, hard work, patriotism, and wisdom. This book, which went through many editions, popularized the story that Washington as a boy had refused to lie in order to avoid punishment for cutting down his father抯 cherry tree. Washington long served as a symbol of American identity along with the flag, the Constitution, and the Fourth of July. The age of debunking biographies of American personages in the 1920s included a multivolume denigration of Washington by American author Rupert Hughes (1872?956), which helped to distort Americans?understanding of their national origins. Both the hero worship and the debunking miss the essential point that his leadership abilities and his personal principles were exactly the ones that met the needs of his own generation. As later historians have examined closely the ideas of the Founding Fathers and the nature of warfare in the Revolution, they have come to the conclusion that Washington抯 specific contributions to the new nation were, if anything, somewhat underestimated by earlier scholarship.
不知道“太长”的定义是什么...
两篇
George Washington
The first president of the United States, George Washington, is often referred to as the Father of Our Country. He was known for his love of the land and farming, and his dislike of war. He was a distinguished general and commander in chief of the colonial armies in the American Revolution. He married a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, and they lived at Mount Vernon, Washington's plantation in Virginia on the Potomac River.
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George Washington
On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. "As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent," he wrote James Madison, "it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles."
Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman.
He pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. At 16 he helped survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The next year, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him.
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From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But like his fellow planters, Washington felt himself exploited by British merchants and hampered by British regulations. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restrictions.
When the Second Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in May 1775, Washington, one of the Virginia delegates, was elected Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. On July 3, 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years.
He realized early that the best strategy was to harass the British. He reported to Congress, "we should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn." Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies--he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.
Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President
He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger.
To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances.
Washington enjoyed less than three years of retirement at Mount Vernon, for he died of a throat infection December 14, 1799. For months the Nation mourned him.
〔美〕迈克尔·H·哈特 著 苏世军 周宇 译
公元1732～公元1799
乔治·华盛顿1732年生于美国弗吉尼亚的威克弗尔德庄园。他是一位富有的种植园主之子，二十岁时继承了一笔可观的财产。1753年到1758年期间华盛顿在军中服役，积极参加了法国人同印第安人之间的战争，从而获得了军事经验和威望；1758年解甲回到弗吉尼亚，不久便与一位带有四个孩子的富孀——玛莎·丹德利居·卡斯蒂斯结了婚（他没有亲生子女）。
华盛顿在随后的十五年中经营自己的家产，表现出了非凡的才能，1774年他被选为弗吉尼亚的一位代表去参加第一届大陆会议时，就已经成为美国殖民地中最大的富翁之一了。华盛顿不是一位主张独立的先驱者，但是1775年6月的第二届大陆会议（他是一位代表）却一致推选他来统率大陆部队。他军事经验丰富，家产万贯，闻名遐迩；他外貌英俊，体魄健壮（身高6英尺2时），指挥才能卓越，尤其他那坚韧不拔的性格使他成为统帅的理所当然的人选。在整个战争期间，他忠诚效劳，分文不取，廉洁奉公，堪称楷模。
华盛顿于1775年6月开始统率大陆军队，到1797年3月第二届总统任期期满，他的最有意义的贡献就是在这期间取得的。1799年12月在弗吉尼亚的温恩山，他在家中病逝。
首先，他在美国独立战争中是一位成功的军事领袖。但事实上他决非是一位军事天才，当然也决不能与亚历山大和凯撒一类的将军相提并论。他的成功至少有一半是由于同他对垒的英军将领的出人意料的无能，另一半才是由于他自己的才能。但是应记住几位其他美国将领均遭惨败，而华盛顿虽说打了几个小败仗而最终却赢得了战争的胜利。
其次，华盛顿是立宪会议主席。虽然他的思想对美国宪法的形成没有起重要的作用，但是他的支持者和他的名望对各州批准这部宪法却起了重大的作用。当时有一股强大的力量在反对新宪法，要不是华盛顿的影响，很难说这部宪法能实行得了。
再其次，华盛顿是美国第一任总统。美国有一位华盛顿这样德才兼备的人作为第一任总统是幸运的。翻开南美和非洲各国的历史，我们可以看到即使是一个以民主宪法为伊始的新国家，堕落成为军事专制国家也是易如反掌。华盛顿是一位坚定的领袖，他保持了国家的统一，但是却无永远把持政权的野心，既不想做国王，又不想当独裁者。他开创了主动让权的先例——一个至今美国仍然奉行的先例。
与当时的其他美国领袖如托马斯·杰弗逊、詹姆斯·麦迪逊、亚历山大·汉密尔顿等相比，乔治·华盛顿缺乏创新的精神和深刻的思想。但是他比所有这些雄才大略的人物都重要得多，无论在战争还是和平期间，他在行政领导方面都起着至关重要的作用，没有他任何政治运动都不会达到目的。对美国的形成，麦迪逊的贡献是重大的，而华盛顿的贡献几乎可以说是不可缺少的。
乔治·华盛顿在本册中的位置在很大程度上取决于人们怎样认识他给美国所带来的历史意义。要求一个当今的美国人对那种历史意义做出不偏不倚的评价自然是困难的。
虽然美国在二十世纪中叶具有甚至比鼎盛时期的罗马帝国还要大的军事力量和政治影响，但是其政权也许不会象罗马帝国那样行之久远。另一方面，美国所取得的技术成就有几项将来也会被其他民族视为有重大意义的，这一点看来是有目共睹的。例如飞机的发明和人类在月球上的登陆就代表了过去世世代代人们梦寐以求的成果；很难想象核武器的发明将来会被看成是无足轻重的成就。
既然乔治·华盛顿大体上可以和罗马的奥古斯都·凯撒相媲美，在本册中把他与奥古斯都排得很接近似乎不无道理。如果说把华盛顿排得略低了一点儿，那主要是因为他比奥古斯都领导的时间要短得多，还有许多其他人如托马斯·杰弗逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊对美国的形成也起了重要的作用。但是华盛顿比亚历山大大帝和拿破仑这样的人物排得高些，因为他的功劳比起他们的来说是更加不可磨灭的。
大家看清楚...人家要的是华盛顿的英文资料....(来源美国白宫官方网站)
George Washington
On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. "As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent," he wrote James Madison, "it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles."
Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman.
He pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. At 16 he helped survey Shenandoah lands for Thomas, Lord Fairfax. Commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the French and Indian War. The next year, as an aide to Gen. Edward Braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him.
From 1759 to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Washington managed his lands around Mount Vernon and served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Married to a widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, he devoted himself to a busy and happy life. But like his fellow planters, Washington felt himself exploited by British merchants and hampered by British regulations. As the quarrel with the mother country grew acute, he moderately but firmly voiced his resistance to the restrictions.
When the Second Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia in May 1775, Washington, one of the Virginia delegates, was elected Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. On July 3, 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, he took command of his ill-trained troops and embarked upon a war that was to last six grueling years.
He realized early that the best strategy was to harass the British. He reported to Congress, "we should on all Occasions avoid a general Action, or put anything to the Risque, unless compelled by a necessity, into which we ought never to be drawn." Ensuing battles saw him fall back slowly, then strike unexpectedly. Finally in 1781 with the aid of French allies--he forced the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.
Washington longed to retire to his fields at Mount Vernon. But he soon realized that the Nation under its Articles of Confederation was not functioning well, so he became a prime mover in the steps leading to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. When the new Constitution was ratified, the Electoral College unanimously elected Washington President
He did not infringe upon the policy making powers that he felt the Constitution gave Congress. But the determination of foreign policy became preponderantly a Presidential concern. When the French Revolution led to a major war between France and England, Washington refused to accept entirely the recommendations of either his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, or his Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who was pro-British. Rather, he insisted upon a neutral course until the United States could grow stronger.
To his disappointment, two parties were developing by the end of his first term. Wearied of politics, feeling old, he retired at the end of his second. In his Farewell Address, he urged his countrymen to forswear excessive party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, he warned against long-term alliances.
Washington enjoyed less than three years of retirement at Mount Vernon, for he died of a throat infection December 14, 1799. For months the Nation mourned him.
乔治·华盛顿
华盛顿
答：According to the Julian calendar, Washington was born on February 11, 1731; according to the Gregorian calendar, which was adopted in Britain and its colonies during Washington's lifetime, he was born on February 22, 1732. He was born at Popes Creek Plantation, on the Potomac River southeast...
答：乔治·华盛顿1732年生于美国弗吉尼亚的威克弗尔德庄园。他是一位富有的种植园主之子，二十岁时继承了一笔可观的财产。1753年到1758年期间华盛顿在军中服役，积极参加了法国人同印第安人之间的战争，从而获得了军事经验和威望；1758年解甲回到弗吉尼亚，不久便与一位带有四个孩子的富孀——玛莎·丹德利居...
答：Washington抯 anti-French leanings, coupled with the aggressive attitude of the new regime in France toward the U.S., thus served to bring about the triumph of Hamilton抯 pro-British foreign policy梖ormalized by Jay抯 Treaty of 1795, which settled outstanding American differences with Britain. T...
答：Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and political leader. He was the dominant figure in the African American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915. Representative of the last generation of black lead...
答：1.乔治·华盛顿George Washington(1789—1797)美国开国元勋，领导美国人民赢得独立，制订宪法，创建国家，担任首任总统，公众尊称他为“国父”、“摩西第二”。2.约翰·亚当斯John Adams(1797—1801)极力赞成13州宣布独立，并积极参与起草和领导辩论而通过独立宣言，公众尊称他为“独立擎天柱”、“革命建筑师...
答：George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731]– December 14, 1799) served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. Because of his significant...
答：英文介绍：Chinese Name: Sir William Henry Gates III (William Henry Gates III, the small William Henry Gates, William H. Gates III, Bill Gates)Date of Birth: October 28, 1955 Place of Birth: Seattle, Washington, United States Constellation: Scorpio Height: 180cm Weight: 80kg Nick...
答：George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731][Note 1][Note 2] – December 14, 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He also presided over the ...
答：1 乔治·华盛顿 (George Washington) 1789年－1797年 开国总统 2 约翰·亚当斯 (John Adams) 联邦党 1797年－1801年 人称「老亚当斯」，儿子是第6任美国总统，和儿子是为美国历史上第一对父子档总统。3 托玛斯·杰弗逊 (Thomas Jefferson) 民主共和党 1801年－1809年 4 詹姆斯·麦迪逊 (James Madison...
答：Geography Located midway along the eastern seaboard of the United States, south of Maryland, north of Virginia and 233 miles south of New York City, the Washington, DC metropolitan area refers to the District of Columbia, plus 7 Maryland counties (Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, ...
