有人可以帮我整理一下牛津初中英语9A的词组和句子要中文的

kuaidi.ping-jia.net  作者:佚名   更新日期:2024-08-01
初三牛津英语9A和9B的所有词组,句型

三级词汇就是比四级稍简单的吗?给你一个形容词,名词,和一个动词
image
n.
(肖)像; 偶像; 塑像; 石像

影象; 图象

形象; 典型

【语】形象化的描绘; 象喻, 映象词

印象; 想象

相象的人或物; 翻版; (神或偶像的)化身

【物】实[虚]象

【心理】意象; 概念

an image of the Virgin Mary
圣母玛丽亚像
see one's image in the mirror
在镜中照见自己的形像
television image
电视图象
speak in images
讲话用比喻; 说话形象化
thinking in terms of images
形象思维
He is the (very) image of his father.
他活象他的父亲。
The politician has a very bad image among people.
那位政治家在人民中的形象很差。
习惯用语
be like a waxen image 像蜡人一样脸色苍白; 毫无表情
be the living image of sb. 活像某人
be the spitting image of sb. 活像某人
be the very image of sb. 活像某人
father image 父亲的形象, (在感情上)被当作父亲看待的人
father figure 父亲的形象, (在感情上)被当作父亲看待的人
God's image 人体(来自《圣经》; 上帝按照自己的形象创造人)
Public image 群众心目中的形象

2express
vt.
表示, 表达, 表现, 表白

把...作快递邮件寄发; [美]快运; 快汇

榨压, 挤出

【数】用符号表示

express one's gratitude
表达感激之情
express a package
作快包寄
express apples for cider
榨苹果制酒
express juice from [out of]grapes
从葡萄中挤出汁
A smile expressed her joy at the news.
微笑表达了她对这个消息的喜悦心情。
习惯用语
by the shoe leather express [美俚]乘11号快车(意指“用两条腿走 ”)
limited express [美]一种豪华舒适取费高昂的特别快车
express oneself 表达自己的思想[感情, 意见]
现代英汉词典express
vt.
表达;表示

She expressed her thanks.
她表示感谢。
No words can express the grandeur of that parade.
阅兵式那宏伟的场面是无法用语言表达的。
He can express himself in good clear English now after four years' hard learning.
"经过四年的艰苦学习,现在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。"
Her face expressed great joy when Mrs White knew that her son had been admitted to Harvad.
"怀特夫人听说自己的儿子被哈佛大学录取了,脸上显出非常高兴的样子。"
The sign '=' expressed equality.
符号'='表示相等。
榨出;压出

juice expressed from oranges
橘子挤出来的汁
词性变化
adj.
明确的

It was her express wish that you should have her house after her death.
"她去世后由你继承她的房屋,这是她的明确愿望。"
特殊的;专门的

I came with the express purpose of seeing you.
我特地来看你。
快速的;快递的

an express train
快车
adv.
快速地;用快递方式地

to sent the parcel express
包裹寄快件
n.
快车 (= express train)

快递服务;快件服务

3fluent
adj.
流畅的, 流利的

(河水)流畅的

液态的

speak fluent English
说流利的英语
a fluent speaker
口若悬河的演说家
a fluent writer
文笔流畅的作家
现代英汉词典fluent
adj.
流畅的;流利的

He is fluent in five languages.
他能流利地说五种语言。
He is fluent in a dozen foreign languages.
他通晓十多种外国语言。
She speaks fluent though not very correct French.
"她的法语虽然讲得不太准确,但很流利。"

8a
1 something to drink / eat 一些喝/吃的东西 2 have some more food 再来点食物
3 in your bowl 在你的碗里 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
4 share sth with sb 与某人分享某物 5 nothing else 没什么别的东西
6 an honest boy 一位诚实的男孩 7 keep secrets / keep a secret 保守秘密
8 make me happy 使我快乐 9 share my joy 分享我快乐
10 hold (join) a writing competition 举行(参加)写作比赛
11 have problems (with sth / in doing sth) 某方面有问题/做某事有问题
12 qualities of a good friend 一位好朋友的品质
13 as slim as 与……一样苗条 not as/so difficult as… 不如……难
14 have been best friends for a long time 成为好朋友有好长一段时间了
15 be generous to sb 对某人大方 16 be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
17 be ready to do sth 准备做某事 /愿意做某事18 help people any time 在任何时候帮助人们
19 give seats to people in need 给需要的人们让座 20 travel around the world 周游世界
21 grow up 长大 grow well 长势好 grow fast 增长快
22 have poor eyesight 视力差 have good eyesight 有好视力
23 because of (sth / doing sth ) 因为(某事/做某事) because +从句
24 wear small, round glasses 戴着小而圆的眼镜
25 make him look smart 使得他看起来聪明/ make sb do sth 让某人做某事
26 a good sense of humour 好的幽默感 / a good sense of 有……的感觉
27 feel bored / unhappy 感到(厌烦/不快乐) 28 tell funny jokes 讲笑话
29 walk fast 走得快 walk past ( the desks ) 走过(课桌)
30work on the computer too much = do a lot of computer work 过多地使用电脑
31 knock over sth 撞翻某物 knock sth. off some place 把某物从某地撞落
32 be so funny 如此滑稽 have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
33 think of 想起 think about 思考 think over仔细考虑
34 read your advertisement 看你的广告 35 straight , shoulder-length hair 长长的披肩发
36 worry me 使我烦恼 worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事
37 say a bad word about sb = speak ill of sb 说某人的坏话
38 say a good word about sb = speak highly /well of sb 赞扬某人
39 vote for sb / sth 投票赞成某人/某物vote against sb /sth 投票反对某人/某物
40 more interesting 更加有趣 / more and more interesting 越来越有趣
41 longer and longer 越来越长 much longer 长得多
42 the tallest student of the six students 六位学生中最高的学生
43 the most expensive printer 最贵的打印机 44 not as /so ……as 与……不一样
45 both…and 两者都…… neither …nor… 既不……也不……
46 outdoor activities 户外活动 47 sing for people 为人们唱歌
48 .listen to people’s problems 听取民声/听取人们的问题 try to sovle the problems尽力解决问题
49 help people solve problems 帮助人们解决问题
50 make friends (with sb ) (与某人)交朋友
51 be a social worker 成为社会工作者 52 be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
53 my future plans 我的未来计划 54 become a famous singer 成为出名的歌唱家
55 be famous for 因……而著名 be famous as 以……(身份)出名
56 in the future 未来,将来 in the past 过去 at present 现在
57 the boy on the left 坐边的男孩
58 agree with sb 同意某人的意见 agree to sth. 同意某事
59 one of the nicest boys 最英俊的男孩之一
60 have no friends = don’t have any friends 没有朋友
61 give me some advice 给我一些建议/ a piece of advice 一条意见
62 feel (really) uncomfortable 感觉(真的)不舒适
63 her bright , smiling eyes 她的明亮的笑眼
64 wear a smile on her face 她面带微笑 65 answer questions correctly 正确回答问题
66 the most difficult activity of all 所有活动中最难的活动
67 ‘Teenagers’ magazine 《青少年》杂志 68 a Grade Eight student 一位八年级学生
69 believe one’s words = what sb. says 相信某人的话
70 describe one’s appearance = describe the appearance of sb.描述某人的外貌
71 any of three after-school activities 这些课外活动中的任何一种any shop in the street 街上的任何一家店
72 look like / be like 长得像 73 much healthier food 健康得多的食物 eat healthily吃得更健康
74 feel nervous 感到不安 Don’t be nervous 别紧张 75 get to know each other 逐渐互相认识
76 write to the editor about his best friend 写信给编辑(谈)他最好的朋友的事情
77 a wonderful friend named Max 一个名叫Max的很好的朋友 78 a square face and a long nose 方脸、长鼻子
a round face and small eyes圆脸、小眼睛

牛津英语 8 A Unit Two 短语
1. 更少的广告 一所理想的学校
世界各地的学校 英国和美国都讲英语
指的是同一事物 美式足球
中学 底楼
乘电梯 在秋天
数学学得好 看电影
英国英语 一块橡皮
踢足球 在伍德兰学校 在伦敦附近
一所男女混合的学校 一起上课
我最喜欢的学科 家政
学会如何做饭和缝纫 为自己做事
做健康美味的饭菜 在今年阅读周期间
我在我班看的书最多。 学校图书馆里的任何书籍
从家里带来杂志 告诉老师所读的内容
在每堂课快结束时 也
在九年级 在落基山中学
上驾驶课 开车送我去学校 比乘公交费时少
fewer advertisements an ideal school
schools around the world speak English both in Britain and the USA
mean the same thing American football
high school/ secondary school ground floor/ first floor
take a lift/ an elevator in autumn/ fall
be good at maths/ do well in math see a film/ watch a movie
a rubber/ an eraser play football/ soccer
in Woodland School near London
a mixed school have lessons together
my favourite subject Home Economics
learn how to cook and sew do things for oneself
cook healthy and tasty meals during this year’s Reading Week
I read the most books in my class. any books of the school library
bring in magazines from home tell the teacher what we are reading
near the end of each class as well
in Ninth Grade/ Year 9 at Rocky Mountain High School
have driving lessons drive me to school
take less time than taking the bus
每周两次 打垒球
花许多时间练习 去好朋友俱乐部
非常喜欢。。。 十二年级的毕业生
帮我学功课 一些英雄
互相谈得很开心 一位亲密的朋友
带有怡人的味道 一种球类运动
一门有关烹调和缝纫的学科 在回家的路上
一篇美国女孩写的文章 南希的学校生活怎样?
被称为 在午餐期间
你非常崇拜的人 在课上
在…岁时 A和B之间的区别
想更多的了解… 写回信
电脑课 地理和历史
一门重要的语言 难还是易
有趣还是乏味 有无用途
流行与否 比…少
比…多 空余时间
参加俱乐部 班上最滑稽的女孩
花较少的钱把工作做得更好
twice a week play softball
spend a lot of time practicing go to the buddy club
enjoy sth a lot/ very much a senior in Twelfth Grade
help me with my homework some heroes
have a great time talking to each other a close friend
with a pleasant taste a kind of ball game
a subject about cooking and sewing on the way home
an article by a girl from the USA What’s Nancy’s school life like?
be called during lunchtime
someone you admire very much in class
at the age of the differences between A and B
want to learn more about write a letter back to sb
Computer Studies geography and history
an important language difficult or easy
interesting or boring useful or useless
popular or unpopular fewer/ less… than
more…than free time
join a club the funniest girl in the class
do the work better with less money
得分最多 三个人中植树最少
吃牛肉最少 在健康俱乐部
一名网友 和…相同
和…不同 约翰的时间表
穿校服 学生数
许多老师 暑假的长度
做早操 放假7周
每天花在作业上的时间 只有三个八年级班
伤了腿 呆在医院
能打篮球 往窗外看
上电视 宠物猴
晚餐吃汉堡 迁居到加拿大
学校生活什么时候开始/结束? 课外活动
到博物馆或剧院作学习旅行 餐厅
听流行音乐 吃水果和蔬菜
打领带 在一边,在另一边
半小时的家作 和…同样大小 属于
score the most points plant the fewest trees of the three
eat the least beef in a Health Club
an online friend be the same as
be different from John’s timetable
wear the school uniform the number of the students
a number of teachers the length of the summer holiday
do morning exercises have seven weeks off
time spent on homework every day only three Grade 8 classes
hurt one’s leg stay in hospital
be able to play basketball look out of the window
be on TV a pet monkey
have hamburgers for dinner move to Canada
What time does the school day start/ finish? after-school activities
go on a school trip to the museum or a theatre dining hall
listen to pop music eat fruit and vegetables
wear a tie on one side, on the other side
half an hour of homework be the same size as
belong to
牛津英语 8 A Unit Two 短语默写(一)
一所理想的学校 英国和美国都讲英语
美式足球 底楼
在秋天 看电影
一块橡皮 在伍德兰学校
一所男女混合的学校 我最喜欢的学科
学会如何做饭和缝纫 做健康美味的饭菜
我在我班看的书最多。
从家里带来杂志 在每堂课快结束时
在九年级 上驾驶课
比乘公交费时 更少的广告
世界各地的学校 指的是同一事物
中学 乘电梯
数学学得好 英国英语
踢足球 在伦敦附近
一起上课 家政
为自己做事 在今年阅读周期间
开车送我去学校 告诉老师所读的内容
也 在落基山中学 学校图书馆里的任何书籍
牛津英语 8 A Unit Two 短语默写(二)
1. 打垒球 去好朋友俱乐部
十二年级的毕业生 一些英雄
一位亲密的朋友 一种球类运动
在回家的路上 南希的学校生活怎样?
在午餐期间
在课上 A和B之间的区别
写回信 地理和历史
难还是易 有无用途
比…少 空余时间
班上最滑稽的女孩 每周两次
花许多时间练习 非常喜欢。。
帮我学功课 互相谈得很开心
带有怡人的味道 一门有关烹调和缝纫的学科
一篇美国女孩写的文章 被称为
你非常崇拜的人 在…岁时
花较少的钱把工作做得更好 电脑课
一门重要的语言 有趣还是乏味
流行与否 比…多

11. 动词的时态

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

返回动词的时态目录

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.4 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

返回动词的时态目录

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

返回动词的时态目录

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

返回动词的时态目录

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

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11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

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11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。

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11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

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11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

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11.12 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

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11.13 since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3) since +从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

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11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

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11.15 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

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11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

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11.17 将来完成时

1) 构成will have done

2) 概念

a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。

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11.18 现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法:

a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

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11.19 不用进行时的动词

1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

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11.20 过去进行时

1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。

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