请教一英语问题
好问题。
理解英文要达到跟英美人近似的理解,因此不能用中文理解。用中文,作为借助的工具,不得不用的工具,要尽早放弃,这里说的是在玩儿英文的全部时间放弃,达到直接用英文理解英文的水平,才算开始玩儿英文。
原文非常简单,不需要中文就能理解。翻译,不是过分,就是不足!
没有看到前楼,补充。非常初级,只能借助汉语。但是,自己要懂得放弃汉语的一天。用学过的英语来学新学的英语。
Live life to the fullest
and
make a difference along the way.
看来明白的还是不容易,多说一点。如果要想自己说写英语文,则需要那个大脑达到直接思维英语文的水平,因为,道理很简单,思维汉语文是出不来英语文的!
如果要明白英语文,则那个大脑要逐渐达到直接用英语文,学过的,来理解英语文的水平。也就是不通过任何汉语文来达到的理解水平。这时候才叫做学习英语文!
这句话就是如上面排列的那么简单,如果还不行,再看:
Live lift
to the fullest
and make a difference
along the way.
再拆分,就不叫英语文,而是单词啦!
多数不明白。打个比方。马克思爱因斯坦用德文写作。那些个把老马老爱翻译成中文的所谓翻译,哪个敢说达到了老马老爱的水平呢?没有吧!这就是降级。而那些个只能读懂中文的,恐怕就连那些个翻译的水平都达不到,又降级啦。这样的结果只有两个,一个是上当受骗,一个是不断降级!
It was stupid for your friend to have done such things.
对你朋友而言,做如此事情是鲁莽的。
2 如果need后面接的是need to do(表示主动)和need doing(表示被动),need就是实意动词
He needs to sleep.
The task needs washing.
3 如果need后面接的是名词,need就是实意动词
He needs a car.
情态动词也叫语气动词,有一定的词义,但本身不表示行为或状态,而只是表示说话人对所说动作的看法,认为它“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。英语里的情态动词主要有:can(could), may(might), must, shall, will, would, need, dare, should, ought to。情态动词在任何主语后没有人称和数的变化。除must, need, ought to外,其他情态动词有表示过去时的形式变化:
现在式 过去式
can could
may might
shall should
will would
dare dared
⒈ can 和could
⑴表示能力
can 表示现在或未来的能力,could作为can的过去式,表示过去的“能力”
如:
Whales cannot live on land.
鲸不能生活在陆地上。
We can skate.
我们会滑冰。
A computer can’t think for itself.
计算机不会独立思考。
Before liberation few workers could support their families.
解放前几乎没有工人能养得起家。
* be able to 与can、could的异同:
◆be able to 可用于多种时态,can和could只用于现在时和过去时。
如:
He will be able to go with us this afternoon.
他今天下午能和我们一起去。 (一般将来时)
I haven’t been able to see the difference yet.
我还不能看出区别在哪。(现在完成时)
He thought I would be able to do the work well.
他认为我能把这项工作做好。(过去将来时)
The sick man was soon able to stand up.
病人很快能站立起来。(一般过去时)
◆如果表示过去“能够”、“做到”,“设法干成了某事”,常用was/were able to …来表达(相当于managed to do sth.或succeeded in doing sth.),而不用could。
如:
With the firemen, they were able to escape from the burning house.
在消防人员的帮助下,他们得以从燃烧的房子中逃出。
We were able to get there before the meeting began.
会前我们终于赶到那里。
⑵表示“可能性”
◆can表示可能性时,常用于疑问句和否定句中。
如:
Who is speaking at the meeting? Can it be Mr. Black?
会议上发言的是谁?会不会是布莱克先生?
It can’t be him.
不可能是他。
◆can间或可用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性,表示笼统的时间,事物的特征
Anybody who wants to try can be successful.
只要想试,任何人都可能成功。
Scotland can be very warm in September.
九月份苏格兰会很暖和。
⑶表示许可和请求
在日常生活中,can可以代替may,表示“允许”;could 可以代替can用来表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转,表请求。
如:
☆Can/Could I use your pen?
我可以用一下你的钢笔吗?(表请求)(could 比can更客气,语气更委婉)
Yes, you can.( 回答时不能说成could)
☆You can go whenever you wish.
无论什么地方,你愿意走就可以走。
⑷习惯短语:
cannot…too… 越…越好
cannot but 不得不
如:
You cannot be too careful.
你越仔细越好。
I cannot but do so.
我不得不这样做。
⑸can 和could 后面接动词的完成式,表示对过去情况的猜测或判断。can常用于疑问句和否定句,而could能用于肯定句,表示一个非事实的或不可能实现的可能性。
如:
Where can he have gone?
他会去哪里了?
He can’t have gone to school.----It’s Sunday.
他不可能去学校了----今天是星期天。
You were stupid to go skiing there. You could have broken your leg.
去那里滑雪你真是太傻了,你会摔断腿的。(实际上没有摔断腿)
⑹could have done
本来能做而实际未做,表达遗憾的感情色彩
如:
----I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
----Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Jane.
在纽约期间,我无处安身,只好住在旅馆里。
嗷,是吗?你本可以和珍妮住在一起。(表达遗憾的感情色彩)
⒉ may 和might
⑴表示“允许”或“请求对方的允许”,might 比may 语气更客气、更委婉
You may take a rest now.
你们现在可以休息了。(表允许)
May/Might I take the book out of the room?
我可以把这本书拿出房间吗?(表请求允许)(might 比may更委婉,更客气)
⑵表示“可能性”
常用于肯定句和否定句,指说话人的猜测,认为某事或许可能发生。might并不表示某事过去可能发生,而是表示一种虚拟语气,指把握性不大,句中可以用may代替,不过may 要比might所表示的可能性要大。
He may/might come. You’d better stay here for a moment.
他或许来,你最好在这儿等他一会儿。(I am not sure whether he’ll really come.)
I may/might not be back for dinner.
我可能不回来吃饭了。(I’m not sure whether I’ll be back.)
◆ may/might + have + 过去分词
表示对过去的推测,认为过去可能发生的动作。might 比may 语气更含蓄或迟疑,may 比might的把握性更大
He may/might have gone abroad.
他可能出国了。
He may/might have had some kind of accident.
他可能出了什么事了。
⑶用于祈使句,表“祝愿”
May you both be happy!
祝你们俩幸福!
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
⑷习惯搭配:may /might as well 还是…的好
You may as well give him the letter.
你还是把信给他为好。
I might as well stay at home tonight.
我今晚还是呆在家里吧。
⑸在表示目的或让步的状语从句中构成谓语
Write to her at once so that she may know in time.
马上给她写信使她及时知道。
He died so that the others might live.
为了使其他人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。
⑹might + have +过去分词
表过去未实现的动作,也是一种虚拟语气的用法
如:
He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
即使他当时忙,也应给你较多的帮助。(实际上他当时没给你较多帮助)
It was dangerous for you to try swimming in the river. You might have been eaten by the fish.
你试图在那条河里游泳真是危险,你可能被那种(食人)鱼吃了。(实际上并未被吃)
⒊ must
⑴表示“必须”、“一定”(现在和未来)
Must I get ready now?
我现在必须准备吗?
We must finish this before he comes.
我们必须在他回来之前做完这件事。
⑵must 和have to:
◆严格说来,这两个词是有区别的, must表示说话人主观认为的“必须”,而have/has to表示客观的需要,也可译为“不得不”
I really must stop smoking.
我真的该戒烟了。(我认为应该戒)
I have to stop smoking.
我得戒烟了。(可能医生的要求或身体的客观情况使我戒烟)
◆have to 有时态和人称的变化,而must没有
I had to write some letters last night.
我昨晚不得不写些信。(一般过去时)
I will have to meet Mr. Edward at three o’clock this afternoon.
我必须今天下午三点钟去会见爱德华先生。(将来时态)
◆must not=mustn’t 表示禁止,“不许”,“一定不能”
do not have to =don’t have to “不必”
You mustn’t go now.
你现在不能走。
You don’t have to go now.
你不必现在就走。
◆must 用于疑问句时,肯定回答用must, 否定回答用need not 或don’t have/need to
Must I hand in my paper now?
我必须现在交论文吗?
Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t. 或No, you don’t have to.)
⑶表判断推测
◆暗含很大的可能性,表这个意义时must仅用于肯定句,不能用于疑问句和否定句。
They must be in the classroom now.
他们现在准是在教室。
You must be ill. You look so pale.
你一定是病了,你的脸色苍白。
◆must + have + 过去分词 表示对过去事情的推测。
如:
They must have heard the news.
他们必定是已经听到这消息了。
Something must have happened.
一定是发生了什么事。
The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
地面是潮湿的,昨晚一定下过雨。
⑷must用在反意疑问句中
在反意疑问句中,附加部分要和陈述部分的情态动词或主要动词在意思上相呼应,使用情况各有不同:当陈述部分中的must作“必须,一定要”讲时,附加部分用mustn’t 或needn’t; 当must表推测,作“一定是,准是”讲时,附加部分要根据must后的原形动词选用相对应的形式。
He must work hard at English, mustn’t he ?
他必须努力学习英语,是吧?
You must renew the book, needn’t you?
你必须续借这本书,对不对?
He must be a teacher, isn’t he ?
他准是一名教师,是吗?(不说mustn’t)
You must have studied English for many years, haven’t you?
你想必学了多年英语,是吗?(不说mustn’t)
He must have arrived here yesterday, didn’t he?
他想必昨天就到了这里,是吗?(不说haven’t)
⑸must表示“偏偏”
The car must break down just when we were about to start off.
我们正要出发时偏偏车又坏了。
4、need 和dare
⑴need 作情态动词,表示“需要”,只用于否定句和疑问句中,无人称和数的变化。
We needn’t go there tomorrow.
我们不必明天去那里。
Need I tell you all the details?
我需要把一切详情告诉你吗?
⑵dare作情态动词,通常用在否定句和疑问句中,无人称和数的变化。
He dare not do so.
他不敢那么做。
I dare not stand on the chair.
我不敢站在椅子上。
How dare you say such a thing?
你怎么敢说这种话?
⑶need 和dare 也可作行为动词,与一般动词的变化相同。
◆作行为动词(或实义动词)时,need后面接“to + 动词原形”。
如:
Do I need to tell you all the details?
我需要把一切详情告诉你吗?
It needs to be done at once.
这件事需要马上做。
You don’t need to worry about that.
你不必为那事担心。
You didn’t need to come.
你当时没必要来。
◆dare在肯定句中(I dare say除外)和疑问句中,后面都接“to +动词原形”,在否定句中有时带to, 有时不带to, 如:
I dared to do so.
我敢于这样做。
She dares to go out alone at night.
她晚上敢一人出去。
Did he dare to do so?
他敢这样做吗?
He did not dare (to ) do so.
他不敢这样做。
⑷惯用语:I dare say 表示“我想”、“大概”。(dare say 也可以连写)
There’s something wrong with the radio, I dare say.
收音机恐怕有点毛病。
I daresay you are right.
我想你是对的。
⑸ needn’t + have +过去分词
表示过去本来不必做某事而实际上做了,“本不必做…”
You needn’t have come.
你本不必来。 (=You didn’t have to come.) (事实上你来了)
He needn’t have waited for me.
他本不必等我。(=He didn’t have to wait for me.) (事实上他等我了)
⒌will 和would
⑴表意愿、决心
在陈述句或在条件状语从句中,will 和would用于任何人称。
I will never do it again.
我再也不做那种事了。
I will finish my lesson even if I have to stay up all night.
即使我整夜不睡觉我也一定要把功课做完。
If you will allow me, I’ll go with you.
如果你愿意的话,我将跟你去。
They said they would help me.
他们说他们愿意帮助我。
⑵ would 可表示过去的习惯动作
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
他有时候长时间地坐在那里,什么事都不做。
Every morning I would go for a long walk.
我每天早晨都会走很长的一段距离。
⑶ 表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求,此时,would比will 的语气更婉转
Will you please pass me the magazine?
请你把杂志递给我好吗?
Won’t you come over?
请到这边来好吗?
⑷ would 与like连用,表请求、提议,比will更婉转礼貌,这时would表示的是现在时间并非过去时
Would you like to leave your telephone number?
请留下你的电话号码好吗?
⑸ will 可以表示现在或当前的习惯性、经常性、倾向性。常译成“惯于”、“总是”
如:
He will sit for hours reading.
他常常接连坐上几个小时看书。
Boys will be boys.
男孩子究竟是男孩子。
No matter what you say, he will always argue with you.
不管你说什么,他总是和你争论。
A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will.
聪明人能随机应变,傻瓜是不会的。
Water will boil at 100℃.
水在摄氏100度时总是要沸腾的。
⒍shall
⑴用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示
Where shall I put my bag?
我把包放在哪里好呢?
Shall he come in or wait outside?
让他进来还是在外边等着?
Shall we dance?
我们跳舞好吗?
⑵用于第二、第三人称,表示意愿、期望、允诺、命令、强制、警告、威胁等语气
You shall keep your room in order.
你须保持房间整洁。(表命令)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.
有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(表警告)
⒎should
⑴表示责任、义务、建议、劝告,用于各人称
You should study every day.
你们应该每天学习。(表责任)
You should always think of others before yourself.
你应当首先想到别人。(表劝告)
⑵表推测、可能,暗含很大的可能
I think he should be home now.
我想他现在应该在家。
You should know his address.
你应该知道他的住址。
⑶should + have + 过去分词 表过去本应完成而未完成的动作
shouldn’t + have + 过去分词 表示过去发生了不应发生的动作
He should have arrived by this time.
他本应这个时候到了。(其实未到)
You shouldn’t have made so much noise.
你原不该那样吵。(事实是吵了)
⑷用在why , how开头的疑问句中或that 引导的从句中
表达说话人感情色彩,表达意外和不满,“竟,竟会”
Why should you be so late?
为什么你竟这么晚?
How should I know?
我怎么会知道?
I’m sorry that you should think so badly of me.
你竟把我想得那么坏,我感到遗憾。
⑸用于if 引导的从句中,构成虚拟语气
If he should drop in, give him my message.
他如果来访,就把我的条交给他。
Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.
你如若见到她,让她给我打个电话。
⑹用于建议、命令等的从句中,构成虚拟语气
We demanded that our wages should be raised.
我们要求提高工资。
It is suggested that he should go there by air.
建议他乘飞机去那里。
My suggestion is that we should send a few people to help them.
我建议派几个人去帮助他们。
⑺在It is necessary/ important/strange that…中:
谓语动词常用should + do, 或只用动词原形,构成虚拟语气
如:
It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.
派他马上去那是必要的。
⒏ ought to
⑴ ought to 和should差不多,都表“应当”,在很多情况下可通用,但也有细微的差别:在表示因责任、义务等该做的事情时,常用ought to ,在表示某件事宜于做时,多用should.
We ought to /should help each other.
我们应当互相帮助。
You shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to talk like that.
你不应那样谈话。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲,应当管他。
⑵表推测,暗含很大的可能
If we start now, we ought to be able to get there in time.
如果我们现在动身,我们应当能准时到达。
Ask Peter. He ought to know.
问彼得吧,他应当知道。
⑶ ought to + have +过去分词 表过去本应做但实际上没做的事
oughtn’t to + have +过去分词 表示过去本不该做但实际上做了事
I ought to have written him a letter.
我本应给他写封信。(实际上没写)
I oughtn’t to have written him a letter.
我本不该给他写信。(实际上写了)
看后面接什么词,接名词就肯定是动词。need sth,需要某东西。
楼上说得好好,但是不是太烦琐了呢?
need既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词
情态动词后动词用原形,否定形式只要在后面加not 疑问句时需提前,因此,情态动词时,用法是:
1.肯定句 need +do
2.否定句 need not do
3.一般疑问句 need do ?
实义动词有人称和数的变化,否定\疑问时要借助于助动,词,因此,用法是:
1.肯定 主语+need(s)+to do
2.否定 主语+don't(doesn't)+do
3.一般疑问句 do(does)+主语+need +to do
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答:请认真看以下解析:1. 为什么neither用在动词后?解析: 其实neither的用法并不是说是否放在动词后, 而是得放在被修饰的名词或形容词或副词前, 并与nor 搭配, 表示"即不... 也不...".举个例子吧:Neither Lily nor I finished the homework. "Lily和我都没有完成功课."This picture is neither ...
答:你举得例子属于复数名词表泛指是免用冠词的 the是修饰名词的,用法有 1.第二次提到某物 This is a book.The book is mine.2.谈话双方所知道的事物Open the window ,please.3.世界上独一无二的事物the sun,the moon,the earth 4.方向The sun rises in the east.5.江河湖海the Yellow River ...
答:就是把a few当成only a few会好理解些。9 不识。10 招聘信息的感觉,这里是指要求对方要有出众的英语能力。a plus,附加条件,aplus没这词。11 是不是on account of 由于。12 with,help with 变成形容词搭配不变 13 一个芝麻糕,不如一针细。14 助动词前,情态动词之后,记住就好了。
答:1.叫某人做某事 ask sb.to do sth.2.我离开家之后,他才离开. He didn't leave until I left home 3.他关了灯之后,我才离开. I didn't leave until he turned off the light 4.我妈妈回来之前,我就做完了家庭作业.I finished my homework before mum came back 5.在我吃中饭之前,他就...
答:1、Why not askyour teacher for help?【说明】Why not 用来提出建议,下的句子都可以表示建议:1)You had better ask your teacher for help. 你最好请求老师的帮助。2)You should ask your teacher for help.你应该请求老师的帮助。3)Will you please ask your teacher for help? 请你求...
答:1.When we got up, the host was still asleep, so we had to make breakfast by ourselves.2.I had to walk ten minutes to get to the port, took a thirty-minute-ride by ferry, changed to a train and last got off at the stop "Cenrtra" and walked another ten minutes to...
答:What's your father like? 你父亲长得像什么样?be like:像...因此答案只能是选择B.He is tall and strong.他高大健壮.