literal translation and free translation
kuaidi.ping-jia.net 作者：佚名 更新日期：2024-07-11
直译（literal translation），意译（free translation ）与音译（transliteration）三者的关系
Free translation is a skill in translation. Translators should first comprehend the original thoroughly, then translate it correctly by target language, and acceptablely comprehend the original thoroughly is on the basis of extensive knowledge and excellent literature training. Some successful translators, when they were translating they did the research on the original author at the same time. After translating, they became on expert to the author and his composition. This spirit is worthly to study.
Let's see some examples:⑨
16) When the going gets tough, the tough getsgoing.
Free translation: 沧海横流方显英雄本色.
The words"going" and "tough" have different meaning. The translator used a sentence in a Chinese poem to translate this sentence.
17) Faults are thick where love is thin.
Free translation: 一朝情义淡, 样样不顺眼.
18) You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.
Free translation: 骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难.
19) Out of the FULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks.
Free translation: 盈于心则溢于言.
The example above are all free translation. Translators translated them not only smoothly and fluently, but also acceptable and accordingly with Chinese culture. In addition, translators should know extensive idioms about both source language and target language. Different countries have different idioms. So in translation, some idioms are unable to translate literally. Translators should change the original form into another form which is easy to be accepted by target language readers. Thereby, convey the purpose of the original wanted to express.
For example: ⑩
20) When in Rome, do as the Romes do.
Free translation: 入乡随俗.
21) A cat on hot bricks.
Free translation: 热锅上的蚂蚁.
22) To expect one's son to become an outstanding personage.
Free translation: 望子成龙.
23) The dog that will feech a bone will carry a bone.
Free translation: 以你说别人坏话的人,也会说你的坏话.
Free translation does not strachy the form of the original. If translators want to use free translation proficiently. You'd better grasp extensive knowledge and culture of both source language and target language.
CONCLUTION:
If using literal translation and free translation proper, you will succeed in translating a composition. The most important in translation is the way in which how to dear with the complex problems of equivalence between the source and target articles. But complete identity of message is important, even use literal translation on the designative level of imformative function one can only aim at the closet approrimotion and in general it is posible to obtain a functionally satisfactory correspondace.
Literal translation is a good choice to translate lively and closely, as the original. It retains the idea, style and rhetoric of the original. Translators should grasp it. Literal translation is not word-for-word translation. Sometimes, translators should do some change in translation so that they can make the translation more acceptable. Word-for-word translation is unqualified. Not all sentences can translate literally. Some sentences, if used literal translation would not be according with the culture of target language. Especially for some idioms. Translators should have extensive knowledge, comprehend the original thoroughly. Especially in translating some proffessional materials.
Free translation is a skill. It need not pay more attention to the form of the original and the details. But free translation should accord with target language culture and customs. Then target language readers can accept translation easily. Though free tranlation gives leeways to translators, they should not add personal emotion to the original works. Because if translators added their own emotion to the translation, target language readers and source language readers would have different feeling. So the translation is unqualified. Free translation also needs extensive knowledge and culture of both source language and target language. Translators should be proviede with literature training. Especially knowing some idioms in both target language and source language is very important.
Literal translation and free translation are two different way in translation. An excellent translation includs this two kinds of translation. An excellent translator could use these two kinds of way properly and proficiently. No translators can use literal translation and free translation proficiently at beginning. All successful translators have practised lots. When they were translating, they accumulated experience and knowledge. After they have translated some composition, they accumulate extensive knowledge. So translators needs practise. And both content and style are insparaby linked in any text, and success in translation means dealing creatively with both of these aspect of communication.
直译：指的是在语言条件许可下，在译文中不仅传达原文的内容， 还尽可能完整地保留原文的修辞风格及组句形式。
意译：是指原文的有些内容与形式不宜用汉语直接表达，而是经过解析后以另外的形式表达出来，也就是说更着重于意思的翻译，而不拘泥于表面文字。
音译：用发音近似的汉字将外来语翻译过来，这种用于译音的汉字不再有其自身的原意，只保留其语音和书写形式。
在翻译中，什么时候用直译，什么时候用意译，没有什么铁定的原则。一般来说，如果原文句型与目的语言的句法规律较接近，词序也形似，本身意思又比较明白，那么可以多用一些直译（因为毕竟直译在技术程度上要简单一些）。这样就可以较便捷地得到意思准确、文字通顺的译文。
中文. 归化翻译"和"异化"的词来形容L•韦努蒂(1995)两种不同的翻译策略. 前者指的是一个透明的翻译策略、外语 温式是通过以减少对国外陌生的语言文字为读者对象,编 延后者翻译类中指定对象文本"蓄意破坏公约目标保留反渗透 在职的条款可追溯到德国哲学家施莱尔马赫的说法,认为有两种不同我只 收治的翻译,"要么作者译者叶和平,尽可能的 四读者对他的举动; 人们往往谈直译与意译. 我们讲究如何处理两种语言. 一 四是如何更好地利用翻译翻译一句. 尤其,嘎嘎 语言文字要表达什么状来源呈现方式,娣 腔镜不得. 直译和意译是翻译的两种主要形式. 他们不排斥,互相 ntrarily、次 行政院是相辅相成的. 从字面上翻译,如果可能,还是呼吁意译. 直译保留原有技能. 因此得到了 原住宅. 直译时,遇到一些障碍的,体育 德里隆常常用意译. 意译原表示总体思路, 四是可以接受的读者. 一个好的翻译和免费translation.about成分含有直译直译免费图腾 旋转和如何妥善运用直译与意译. 直译是好的选择使用, 保持原有的信息形式. 但是直译不是逐字翻译. 不要把一些句子字面上. 由于 一些含有硒句成语或不符合目标语的习俗. 那么,台铁 nslaors应使用意译. 免费翻译是一个翻译技巧,是活跃. 但意译不能加元 暴食症情感原著. 翻译必须接受用意译. 意译技巧和需要广泛侵入 双方语言和文化的塑造和目标语源. 如果译者想用直译法和自由 熟练帽、练习是最重要的.
literature knowledge. A translator who wanted to translate a literature composition should do his effort to accumulate something about history, geography, custom, natural style and features, tranditional culture and so on about the literature composition. In additional, translators should know the background of age and the author, style of the anthor. More extensive knowledge the translators have, more thoroughly he can comprehend the meaning of the original.Free translation is a skill in translation. Translators should first comprehend the original thoroughly, then translate it correctly by target language, and acceptablely comprehend the original thoroughly is on the basis of extensive knowledge and excellent literature training. Some successful translators, when they were translating they did the research on the original author at the same time. After translating, they became on expert to the author and his composition. This spirit is worthly to study.
Let's see some examples:⑨
16) When the going gets tough, the tough getsgoing.
Free translation: 沧海横流方显英雄本色.
The words"going" and "tough" have different meaning. The translator used a sentence in a Chinese poem to translate this sentence.
17) Faults are thick where love is thin.
Free translation: 一朝情义淡, 样样不顺眼.
18) You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.
Free translation: 骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难.
19) Out of the FULLNESS of the heart the mouth speaks.
Free translation: 盈于心则溢于言.
The example above are all free translation. Translators translated them not only smoothly and fluently, but also acceptable and accordingly with Chinese culture. In addition, translators should know extensive idioms about both source language and target language. Different countries have different idioms. So in translation, some idioms are unable to translate literally. Translators should change the original form into another form which is easy to be accepted by target language readers. Thereby, convey the purpose of the original wanted to express.
For example: ⑩
20) When in Rome, do as the Romes do.
Free translation: 入乡随俗.
21) A cat on hot bricks.
Free translation: 热锅上的蚂蚁.
22) To expect one's son to become an outstanding personage.
Free translation: 望子成龙.
23) The dog that will feech a bone will carry a bone.
Free translation: 以你说别人坏话的人,也会说你的坏话.
Free translation does not strachy the form of the original. If translators want to use free translation proficiently. You'd better grasp extensive knowledge and culture of both source language and target language.
CONCLUTION:
If using literal translation and free translation proper, you will succeed in translating a composition. The most important in translation is the way in which how to dear with the complex problems of equivalence between the source and target articles. But complete identity of message is important, even use literal translation on the designative level of imformative function one can only aim at the closet approrimotion and in general it is posible to obtain a functionally satisfactory correspondace.
Literal translation is a good choice to translate lively and closely, as the original. It retains the idea, style and rhetoric of the original. Translators should grasp it. Literal translation is not word-for-word translation. Sometimes, translators should do some change in translation so that they can make the translation more acceptable. Word-for-word translation is unqualified. Not all sentences can translate literally. Some sentences, if used literal translation would not be according with the culture of target language. Especially for some idioms. Translators should have extensive knowledge, comprehend the original thoroughly. Especially in translating some proffessional materials.
Free translation is a skill. It need not pay more attention to the form of the original and the details. But free translation should accord with target language culture and customs. Then target language readers can accept translation easily. Though free tranlation gives leeways to translators, they should not add personal emotion to the original works. Because if translators added their own emotion to the translation, target language readers and source language readers would have different feeling. So the translation is unqualified. Free translation also needs extensive knowledge and culture of both source language and target language. Translators should be proviede with literature training. Especially knowing some idioms in both target language and source language is very important.
Literal translation and free translation are two different way in translation. An excellent translation includs this two kinds of translation. An excellent translator could use these two kinds of way properly and proficiently. No translators can use literal translation and free translation proficiently at beginning. All successful translators have practised lots. When they were translating, they accumulated experience and knowledge. After they have translated some composition, they accumulate extensive knowledge. So translators needs practise. And both content and style are insparaby linked in any text, and success in translation means dealing creatively with both of these aspect of communication.
