感恩节的来历、习俗、吃什么？（要全英文的，带翻译）

感恩节庆祝模式许多年来从未改变。丰盛的家宴早在几个月之前就开始着手准备。人们在餐桌上可以吃到苹果、桔子、栗子、胡桃和葡萄，还有葡萄干布丁、碎肉馅饼、各种其它食物以及红莓苔汁和鲜果汁，其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火鸡和番瓜馅饼，这些菜一直是感恩节中最富于传统意义和最受人喜爱的食品。

人人都赞成感恩节大餐必需以烤火鸡为主菜。火鸡在烘烤时要以面包作填料以吸收从中流出来的美味汁液，但烹饪技艺常因家庭和地区的不同而各异，应用什幺填料也就很难求得一致。

今天的感恩节是一个不折不扣的国定假日。在这一天，具有各种信仰和各种背景的美国人，共同为他们一年来所受到的上苍的恩典表示感谢，虔诚地祈求上帝继续赐福 All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest.Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed[2]. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.

The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes.There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.

Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing[3] to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird.Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued[5] blessings.

Thanksgiving Day

Fourth Thursday in November
Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.
In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World（新大陆）. This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians（美国纽约州东北部易洛魁族印第安人）taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.

In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley（大麦）, beans and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians. The Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.

In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.

After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have.

In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

Symbols of Thanksgiving

Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce（酸果曼沙司）are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards. The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.

Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grows in bogs（沼泽）, or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England states. The Indians used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener（甜味佐料）and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it "ibimi" which means "bitter berry." When the colonists saw it, they named it "crane-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane. The berries are still grown in New England.

In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New World.

The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived!




感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)


11月的第四个星期四是感恩节。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔交、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。劳燕分飞了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团团圆圆，品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。
感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。此外，感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱等。
感恩节宴会后，人们有时会做些传统游戏，比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑，规则是不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。
多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。




[11-21] 感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)中英文介绍


感恩节(Thanksgiving Day)


11月的第四个星期四是感恩节。感恩节是美国人民独创的一个古老节日，也是美国人合家欢聚的节日，因此美国人提起感恩节总是倍感亲切。
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。
在第一个感恩节的这一天，印第安人和移民欢聚一堂，他们在黎明时鸣放礼炮，列队走进一间用作教堂的屋子，虔诚地向上帝表达谢意，然后点起篝火举行盛大宴会。第二天和第三天又举行了摔交、赛跑、唱歌、跳舞等活动。第一个感恩节非常成功。其中许多庆祝方式流传了300多年，一直保留到今天。
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。劳燕分飞了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团团圆圆，品尝美味的感恩节火鸡。
感恩节的食品富有传统特色。火鸡是感恩节的传统主菜，通常是把火鸡肚子里塞上各种调料和拌好的食品，然后整只烤出，由男主人用刀切成薄片分给大家。此外，感恩节的传统食品还有甜山芋、玉蜀黍、南瓜饼、红莓苔子果酱等。
感恩节宴会后，人们有时会做些传统游戏，比如南瓜赛跑是比赛者用一把小勺推着南瓜跑，规则是不能用手碰南瓜，先到终点者获胜。比赛用的勺子越小，游戏就越有意思。
多少年来，庆祝感恩节的习俗代代相传，无论在岩石嶙峋的西海岸还是在风光旖旎的夏威夷，人们几乎在以同样的方式欢度感恩节，感恩节是不论何种信仰、何种民族的美国人都庆祝的传统节日。

Thanksgiving Day's origin must trace the American history the start. in 1620, famous “in May flower” the ship full load was unbearable the Britain domestic religious persecution Puritan 102 people to arrive at the Americas. in 1620 and junction's of 1621 winter, they have encountered the difficulty which imagines with difficulty, in occupies suffers hunger and cold, in the winter the past tense, lives the immigration has 50 people. By now, the good-hearted Indian had sent the daily necessity to the immigration, but also how sends for to teach them especially to hunt, to catch fish with the planter corn, the pumpkin. Under Indian's help, the immigrants have obtained the abundant harvest finally, is joyfully celebrating abundant harvest the day, according to the religious tradition custom, the immigration had stipulated thanks God's day, and decided to thank Indian's sincere help, invites them to celebrate together the holiday.

翻译成中文:
感恩节的由来要一直追溯到美国历史的发端。1620年，著名的“五月花”号船满载不堪忍受英国国内宗教迫害的清教徒102人到达美洲。1620年和1621年之交的冬天，他们遇到了难以想象的困难，处在饥寒交迫之中，冬天过去时，活下来的移民只有50来人。这时，心地善良的印第安人给移民送来了生活必需品，还特地派人教他们怎样狩猎、捕鱼和种植玉米、南瓜。在印第安人的帮助下，移民们终于获得了丰收，在欢庆丰收的日子，按照宗教传统习俗，移民规定了感谢上帝的日子，并决定为感谢印第安人的真诚帮助，邀请他们一同庆祝节日。

感恩节是美国加拿大独有的传统节日，在感恩节，许多人会满怀温情回顾移民历史。 Thanksgiving is a unique traditional festivals United States and Canada, at Thanksgiving, many people will recall with great warmth immigration history. 首批欧洲移民从英国普利茅斯出发，乘坐五月花号历经艰险，在1620年冬到达北美洲（後来他们把这个登陆点也命名为普利茅斯）。 The first European immigrants from the United Kingdom starting in Plymouth, take Mayflower overcame hardships in the winter of 1620 arrived in North America (later they named the landing point for Plymouth).
当时适逢大雪覆盖原野，寒冷饥饿令移民陷入绝境，一些人死去。 It so happened that the snow-covered wilderness, cold and hungry to make immigration into a desperate, some people die. 幸亏印第安人发现他们，并且给与慷慨援助，才绝处逢生。 Fortunately, the Indians found them, and will give generous assistance, it needed it. 第二年新移民得到丰收，大摆火鸡宴，和印第安人举杯同庆，欢宴持续三天三夜…… New immigrants to be a good harvest next year, put on a large turkey dinner, and the Indians, toast, feast lasting three days and three nights ... ...
但是人们不知道，那个纯朴好客的部落就是万帕诺亚（ Wampanoag ）部落,那个古道热肠的印第安人酋长就是菲力浦王的父亲——迈斯色以（ Massasoit）。 But people do not know, that is the simple and hospitable tribal 10000 Pa Nuoya (Wampanoag) tribe, that is a warmhearted Indian chief King Philip's father - Mais color to (Massasoit).
1618年北美洲东岸遭受到传染病“天花”的袭击，大批土著居民死亡，一些村落荒芜。 In 1618 the east coast of North America suffered infectious diseases "smallpox" attack, a large number of indigenous deaths in some villages deserted. 酋长乐意让这些远方的来客到这些遗弃的村落安身，并与他们结为友好联盟。 Chiefs willing to allow these visitors from afar to the shelter of these abandoned villages, and formed a friendship and alliance with them. 这种兄弟情谊持续了近50年。 This brotherhood lasted nearly 50 years.
欧洲移民每年以3%的增长向北美大陆扩张，1676年，新英格兰地区已有5，2000名移民。 European immigration to 3% annual growth to expansion of the North American continent, in 1676, the New England region has 5,2000 immigrants. 移民反宾为主。 Bin-based anti-immigrant. 并以自己的文化发达先进为傲，对印第安人存有歧视轻蔑心理。 And to their own culture in advanced proud contempt against discrimination in Indian psychology. 一些商人在与古朴的土著族交往中，常常采用哄骗的手段谋取利益，让印第安人对白人日渐失去信任。 Some businessmen with the ancient indigenous tribe exchanges, often used to deceive the means to pursue their interests to have the Indians losing the trust of whites.
最初时期，对於印第安人的慷慨，殖民者会说：“Thanks Giving”；到後来，演变成你不“Giving”，我就要设法“Taking”。 The initial period, for the generosity of the Indians, colonists would say: "Thanks Giving"; to later evolved into you do not "Giving", I'll try to "Taking". 菲力浦王之战根源，在於开发利用土地资源的冲突，在没有土地所有权也就没有开发利用权的实际情况下，转变成一场争夺和维护土地所有权的战争。 King Philip war originated from a conflict, development and utilization of land resources, in the absence of land ownership there would be no development and utilization of the right to the actual circumstances, turn into a fight and maintain the ownership of land war.
北美洲的历史，似乎在揭示这样一个冷酷的规律：如果一块土地存在更有效的开发方式、能够创造更大的社会财富，那麼最终这块土地会依这种开发方式进行。 North America's history, seems to reveal a grim pattern: If a piece of land there is the development of more effective ways to create more social wealth, then the final piece of land will be developed in accordance with this manner. 文化传统、土地所有权、宗教法律、人伦道德等等都不能制止这种潜规律的运行。 Cultural traditions, land ownership, religion, law, human ethics and morality, and so the law can not stop this potential operation.
尽管印第安人是美洲大地最古老的居民，是这块土地最原始的主人，但是要试图维护低效的、传统的土地利用方式，总归要失败的。 Although American Indians are the oldest inhabitants of the earth, is the most original masters of the land, but to try to maintain inefficient, traditional land use patterns, would nonetheless be a failure. 这种失败不以文明的方式，就以野蛮的方式。 This failure is not in a civilized manner, with regard to the barbaric way. 遗憾的是它以非常野蛮的方式表现：印第安人不仅丢失了土地所有权，又葬送了不少族人的性命，失败的苦涩，不堪回味。 Unfortunately, it is the performance of a very brutal way: the Indians not only lost the title to land, but also ruined the lives of many Serbs, the failure of bitter aftertaste bear.
当然，有人把菲力浦王之战看成印第安文化和欧洲文化之战，倾向树立基督教文明；有人把它看成是白人和土著的种族战争，意在激发民族主义情绪；有人从中找到殖民主义扩张的罪恶证据，证明反对殖民主义的正义性；还有的以这场战争中发生的严重摧残人权的行为，来揭露今天美国高举人权旗帜的虚伪性；甚至白人至上主义者也可以从中找到有色人种愚昧落後的大量例子，以支援白人种族优越论……凡此等等，都是各取所爱，试图从万花园裏采一瓣颜色，代表春天。 Of course, it was King Philip's War as the Indian culture and European culture war, the tendency to establish a Christian civilization; some people see it as white and indigenous ethnic wars, is intended to stimulate nationalist sentiment; others find Colonialism expansion of criminal evidence to prove that the justice against colonialism; Others in this war took place in the serious acts of trampling on human rights, to expose the United States today, the hypocrisy of holding high the banner of human rights; and even white supremacists can also find non-ferrous a large number of examples of racial ignorance and backwardness to support the theory of white racial superiority ... ... Unless stopped, all depicting the love, trying to adopt a color garden, 10000, on behalf of the spring.
现在回到属於人伦道德的困扰上。 Now back to one of those troubled by the ethics and morality. 感恩节宴会上应该悬挂老酋长“迈斯色以”（ Massasoit）的画像，但是面对老酋长的儿子菲力浦王以及他的部落都被消灭的历史瘢痕，这感恩节怎麼个感法呢？ Thanksgiving dinner should be hung old sheikh, "Mais color to" (Massasoit) the portrait, but the face of old sheikh's son, King Philip and his tribe had been wiped out the history of scar, this Thanksgiving, how does a sense of law ?