黑奴贸易的介绍

在人类近代史上，奴隶贩运写下了最可耻、最卑劣的一页。利欲熏心的欧洲殖民者把人数众多、具有热带作物种植技术，又能适应热带劳动的非洲黑人当作猎奴的对象，从塞内加尔河口到刚果河口的广阔地带，停泊着一艘又一艘欧洲殖民国家的贩奴船，乌黑的船首就像张开的血盆大口，等待着吞吃人肉。据资料统计，黑人部落“猎奴战争” 在400年的奴役过程中，非洲黑人被杀了上千万；圣多明各岛在十八世纪上半期共输入奴隶280万人，而到1976年仅剩下65000多人，平均每年要死亡四万多人；按照每运至美洲一个奴隶，最少要牺牲10个左右非洲黑人的计算方法，奴隶贸易使非洲损失一亿人口，这个数字相当于1980年非洲人口总和。利物浦船只从事奴隶贩运900趟，所贩奴隶卖价1500万镑，净赚1200万镑。殷殷鲜血，垒垒白骨，谁知道在波涛汹涌的大西洋的海底深渊埋葬了多少黑人奴隶的骨骸，美国诗人满怀悲愤地写道： 大海的深处，泥泞的沙里，躺着被人遗忘了的、锁着铁链的人骸。在死沉沉的黑暗里，闪烁着不幸的奴隶的白骨，他们从漆黑的巨浪里，大声呼唤：“我们是证人”！ 哈里发穆尔台米德派军征讨，剿抚两计并用。由于阿里在起义后未能及时兑现当初的允诺，义军力量被削弱。883年，黑奴起义在坚持了14年之后，惨遭失败，阿里被杀。在世界历史上，这次黑奴起义是与古代罗马斯巴达克起义齐名的大规模奴隶反抗斗争，它给哈里发国家以沉重打击。此后，阿拉伯从非洲输人奴隶的数量明显减少，整个社会中的奴隶制残余也渐趋消亡。 黑奴贸易开始于15世纪，欧洲殖民者把非洲的黑人贩卖到美洲充当奴隶，大量的非洲黑人就这样来到了美洲。葡萄牙从独霸非洲的野心出发，自新航道开辟伊始，便对非洲展开了经济、政治、文化的全面侵略。在西非，葡萄牙占有佛得角群岛，在塞拉利昂、古马里国、黄金海岸、奴隶海岸、刚果和安哥拉设立商站。 马克思说过一段耐人寻味的话：“当我们把自己的目光从资产阶级文明的故乡转向殖民地的时候，资产阶级文明的极端虚伪和它的野蛮本性就赤裸裸地呈现在我们面前，因为它在故乡还装出一副很有体面的样子，而一到殖民地它就丝毫不加掩饰了”。殖民列强西班牙、葡萄牙、荷兰、法国和英国以地球为战场，展开了空前激烈的商业战争和殖民角逐，在征服与劫掠亚洲、美洲和非洲的过程中，奴隶贸易是令人发指的最黑暗的一页。绕过非洲新航路的发现，揭开了西方殖民主义对非洲人民长期侵略与掠夺的帷幕。欧洲列强一踏上西非沿岸，就按他们主要掠获物给沿岸地带取上“胡椒海岸”、“象牙海岸”、“黄金海岸”和“奴隶海岸”等名称。欧洲人最初所重视的掠获物是黄金和其它最贵重物资。他们每踏上一块新的土地，第一件事就是追求黄金。为了进行掠夺性的贸易，欧洲列强争先恐后地在非洲沿岸设立了商站和堡垒，占领离海岸较远的阿森松岛、圣赫勒拿岛、毛里求斯岛等岛屿，以此作为东通亚洲航海的中途站。荷、英、法等国在其裔务掌握在大商业资产阶级或资产阶级化的贵族手中之后，便组织特权公司来进行贸易，特权公司从国家得到特许状和各方面的支持，拥有开设高馆、建筑堡垒，发行货币、组织武装、进行战争和媾和的权力。特权公司在某些地区还能对当地居民行使司法权和征税权，从而形成一个个的“小专制王国”。殖民列强就利用这个强有力的工具进行掠夺性的贸易、奴隶贩运甚至：征服殖民地。欧洲列强在非洲的角逐，主要是争夺贸易权。他们在每个地区所掠夺的并不限于一种货物，而黑奴贩卖是资本原始积累时期西方殖民主义者侵略非洲的主要内容，当时贩奴贸易也仅在奴隶海岸。欧洲列强自侵入黑非洲之日起，就开恰把非洲转化为商业性的猎获黑人的场所，他们用“黑色象牙”这种侮辱性的名词来称呼黑人奴隶，黑人成为他们贪得无厌、多方搜寻的“商品”。 新航路开辟后，首先是葡萄牙、西班牙走上了殖民扩张的道路，接着英国、法国、荷兰也走上了殖民掠夺的道路。在美洲，欧洲殖民者强占印第安人的土地，建立种植园的同时，肆意地屠杀和奴役印第安人，使印第安人人数锐减，无法为种植园提供足够的劳动力，于是种植园主开始买进非洲黑人，作为奴隶在种植园劳动，这就为欧洲奴隶贩子打开了道路。

Slave trade started in the 15th century, European settlers of the African blacks sold to America as slaves, a large number of black africans, arrived in America. Modern western colonial expansion, starting from Africa, Portugal and Spain was the first country to colonial activities, Portugal was the first country to slave trade. Britain is the world's largest slave trade country.
The new air route opened upLater, the first isPortugal、SpainThe path of the colonial expansion, thenThe British、The French、In the Netherlands,

The black slave trade
Also on the path of the colonial rob.In America, the European colonists grabsThe indiansLand, the establishment of plantation at the same time, wantonly slaughter and slavery indians, make a sharp drop in the number of indians, cannot provide enough manpower for plantation, and plantation owners began to buy black African, as slaves in the plantation of labor, this will open the way for the European slavers.
The indiansThe mayan civilizationIs one of the most ancient civilizations in the world, afterThe Inca civilizationandThe Aztec civilizationHave reached its zenith.But with the arrival of European settlers, the fortunes of the indians were looted, land had been seized, even once hospitality and help the indians have also been a lot of European colonial slavery and killing, the number of indians in the americas was found after a sharp drop in, many local indians being driven, ancientIndian civilizationA devastating blow, this is the consequences of colonial plunder and colonial expansion.
However, the invasion of modern colonialism disrupted normal process of social development in Africa.With the rise of capitalism, black Africa into a commercial hunt.Slave trade developed into a specialized industry, become a special historical phenomenon.Tens of millions of black africans displaced, oceans and is sold to the americas and the Indian Ocean, Asia run by colonists plantations and mines, some black in the war, slavery and trafficking died on the way.The African people and its social and economic life is unprecedented havoc.Productivity suffered severe damage.And the evil of colonialism, capitalism is thriving with African trafficking and slavery.MarxHas pointed out, the African commercial hunt black spot, isPrimitive accumulation of capitalOne of the main factors, and marked the dawn of the era of capitalist production.Later, the slaves and trade, as well as American Negro slavery againThe industrial revolutionAccumulated capital.Therefore, capitalism is stained with the blood of the African people from top to toe.In 1441, by AnTao gong sal weiss and nuno terrance tao, led by a Portuguese expedition in the Angle of brown (namely todayBen game card Angle10) near coastal plunder the black African, backLisbonSales, is the beginning of the trade to the slaves.In the 15th century, the Portuguese from west African coastal trafficking slaves to their own ACTS as a household and agricultural labor force, or traffickingMadeira、The canary islandsandCape Verde,Islands such as the Atlantic new lines of sugar cane plantations in the work, slave each year about 500-1000.But it was not until early 16th century, the Portuguese in the west African slave trade, its value has fallen far behind the pace of gold, ivory, pepper and other products trade in Africa.Spain and Portugal in 1494Todd starting treatyPowers is the first treaty to carve up the world, it determines to cape Verde, 370 miles west of case for west, Portugal's sphere of influence of the boundary between the two countries, the two countries in the west of America's sphere of influence is bounded by the 46 degrees.Since then, Africa, and AsiaBrazilBelong to Portugal, and other areas under the Spanish America.
Slave trade is miserable shame in human history a page, it lasted for more than 400 years, Africa lost more than 100 million people and caused the African traditional civilization decline, economic social decay.Selling slavesAlso breed a racial discrimination against black people.Slave trade accelerated the European capital primitive accumulation, and also provides labor force for the development of the americas.Through the humiliation of forced migration, slaves to ancient African culture brought to the americas, the later American culture influenced the formation and development.
望采纳！

黑奴贸易开始于15世纪，广义上的黑奴贸易最早是由阿拉伯人，土耳其人和黑人奴隶贩子进行的；狭义上的黑奴贸易专指欧洲殖民者把非洲的黑人贩卖到美洲充当奴隶，大量的非洲黑人来到了美洲。近代西方殖民扩展首先从非洲开始，葡萄牙和西班牙是最早进行殖民活动的国家，葡萄牙是最早进行黑奴贸易的国家。英国是世界上最大的黑奴贸易的国家。1在人类近代史上，奴隶贩运写下了最可耻、最卑劣的一页。利欲熏心的西方殖民者把人数众多非洲黑人当作猎奴的对象，据资料统计，黑人部落“猎奴战争”在400年的奴役过程中，非洲黑人被杀了上千万；圣多明各岛在十八世纪上半期共输入奴隶280万人，而到1976年仅剩下65000多人，平均每年要死亡四万多人；按照每运至美洲一个奴隶，最少要牺牲10个左右非洲黑人的计算方法，奴隶贸易使非洲损失一亿人口，这个数字相当于1980年非洲人口总和；利物浦船只从事奴隶贩运900趟，所贩奴隶卖价1500万镑，净赚1200万镑。殷殷鲜血，垒垒白骨。