求一篇关于电气工程及其自动化专业的英文介绍。1000个单词左右
Electric Power Systems 电力系统
The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before. 现代社会的电力供应依赖于更多地比以往任何时候。 It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 它无法想象的世界应该是什么，如果电力供应中断了世界各地。 Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统（或电力能源系统），提供电力到现代社会，已成为不可缺少的组成部分产业界的。
The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison – the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 第一个完整的电力系统（包括发电机，电缆，熔断器，计量，并加载）的托马斯爱迪生所建-站纽约市珍珠街的历史始于1882年9月运作。 This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约1.5公里至59供电范围内的客户。负载，其中包括完全的白炽灯，为V提供110通过地下电缆系统。 Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world. With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems. This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the largest industries in the world. In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems. By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent. They could deliver power only a short distance from generators.
在一个类似的系统在大多数大城市在世界各地运行数年。随着马达的弗兰克斯普拉格发展在1884年，电机负载被添加到这些系统。这是什么开始发展成为世界上最大的产业之一。在最初的直流系统广泛使用尽管如此，他们几乎完全被空调系统所取代。到1886年，直流系统的局限性也日益明显。他们可以提供功率只有很短的距离从发电机。
To keep transmission power losses ( I 2 R ) and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission. Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power; therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity. 为了保持发射功率损失（我2 R）和电压下降到可接受的水平，电压等级，必须长途输电高。如此高的电压不发电和电力消耗可以接受的，因此，电压转换成为一个方便的手段的必要性。
The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L. Gaulard and JD Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems. 在发展的变压器，法国和交流输电由L.巴黎戈拉尔和JD吉布斯导致交流电力系统。
In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland. 1889年，第一次在北美交流传输线将在俄勒冈州波特兰之间威拉梅特大瀑布和实施。
It was a single-phase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km. With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive. By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems. Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.这是一个单相线路传输功率为4,000公里，超过21 V系统的距离。随着交流的发展多相系统由尼古拉特斯拉，成为更具吸引力的。通过1888年，特斯拉举行交流多项专利电动机，发电机，变压器和输电系统。西屋公司购买了这些早期的发明专利，并形成了系统的基础，现在的交流。
In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on DC or AC. By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons: 在19世纪90年代，有很大的争议或交流电力行业是否应该统一于直流。到了世纪之交的，在交流系统赢得了原因出在下面的直流系统为：
（1）Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltages for generation, transmission, and consumption. （1）电压水平可以很容易地改变了空调系统，从而提供了传输的灵活性，发电用不同的电压和消费。
（2）AC generators are much simpler than DC generators. （2）交流发电机简单得多比直流发电机。
（3）AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors. （三）交流电机和电机便宜简单得多，比直流。
The first three-phase line in North America went into operation in 1893——a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern California. 前三个阶段的美国北线投产于1893年- 1 2300五，南加州12公里路线研究。 In the early period of AC power transmission, frequency was not standardized. 在电力传输初期交流，频率不规范。 Many different frequencies were in use: 25, 50, 60, 125, and 133 Hz. 有许多不同频率的使用：25，50，60，125，和133赫兹。 This poses a problem for interconnection. Eventually 60 Hz was adopted as standard in North America, although 50 Hz was used in many other countries. 这对互连的问题。最后60赫兹标准获得通过，成为美国在北美，虽然是50赫兹在许多其他国家使用。
The increasing need for transmitting large amounts of power over longer distance created an incentive to use progressively high voltage levels. To avoid the proliferation of an unlimited number of voltages, the industry has standardized voltage levels. In USA, the standards are 115, 138, 161, and 230 kV for the high voltage (HV) class, and 345, 500 and 765 kV for the extra-high voltage (EHV) class. In China, the voltage levels in use are 10, 35, 110 for HV class, and 220, 330 (only in Northwest China) and 500 kV for EHV class . 较长的距离越来越需要大量的电力传输多激励他们逐步使用高压的水平。为了避免电压增殖数量无限，业界标准电压水平。在美国，标准是115，138， 161，和230千伏的高电压（高压）类，345，500和765千伏级的特高电压（超高压）。在中国，各级使用电压为10，35，110级高压， 220，中国330（仅在西北）和500千伏超高压类。
The first 750 kVtransmission line will be built in the near future in Northwest China. 第一个750 kVtransmission线将建在不久的将来在中国西北地区。
With the development of the AC/DC converting equipment, high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems have become more attractive and economical in special situations. 随着交流的发展/直流转换设备，高压直流高压直流（HVDC）传输系统已经成为更具吸引力的经济和情况特殊。 The HVDC transmission can be used for transmission of large blocks of power over long distance, and providing an asynchronous link between systems where AC interconnection would be impractical because of system stability consideration or because nominal frequencies of the systems are different. 在高压直流输电可用于输电块以上的大长途电话，并提供不同系统间的异步连接在AC联网系统将是不切实际的，因为稳定考虑，或因标称频率的系统。
The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency. 基本要求到电源系统是提供一个不间断的能源供应，以客户可接受的电压和频率。 Because electricity can not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be done simultaneously. A fault or misoperation in any stages of a power system may possibly result in interruption of electricity supply to the customers. 由于电力无法大量储存在一个简单的方法和经济，电力的生产和消费必须同时进行。系统的故障或误操作的权力在任何阶段可能导致电力供应中断给客户。 Therefore, a normal continuous operation of the power system to provide a reliable power supply to the customers is of paramount importance. 因此，一个正常的电力系统连续运行的，提供可靠的电力供应给客户的重要性是至关重要的。
Power system stability may be broadly defined as the property of a power system that enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. 电力系统稳定，可广泛定义为干扰财产的权力系统，可继续经营的状态下正常运行的平衡条件和后向遭受恢复一个可以接受的平衡状态。
Instability in a power system may be manifested in many different ways depending on the system configuration and operating mode. 在电力系统的不稳定可能会表现在经营方式和多种不同的方式取决于系统配置。
Traditionally, the stability problem has been one of maintaining synchronous operation. Since power systems rely on synchronous machines for generation of electrical power, a necessary condition for satisfactory system operation is that all synchronous machines remain in synchronism or, colloquially "in step". This aspect of stability is influenced by the dynamics of generator rotor angles and power-angle relationships, and then referred to " rotor angle stability ". 传统上，稳定性问题一直是一个保持同步运行。由于电力系统的发电电力，一个令人满意的系统运行的必要条件是，依靠同步电机同步电机都留在同步或通俗的“步骤”。这一方面是受稳定的发电机转子的动态角度和功角的关系，然后提到“转子角稳定”。
已发，请及时是核对并且告诉我哪里不好，可以改，望采纳。
A: the professional training goal, cultivating socialist construction, comprehensive development agenda, engineers, with basic training, electric motor and its control, the control of power system and its automation, building electrical engineering field theory and basic knowledge, can be engaged in the design, manufacture, development, testing analysis, system, automatic control and power electronic technology, production management and application of electronic and computer technology advanced application-oriented engineering and technical personnel. Second, the business scope of business through four specifications and professional training, the students should reach the following requirements: 1, the system of mathematics, computer and engineering drawings "engineering tools", and have strong knowledge of English reading ability and preliminary English communication skills. 2, the system master circuit principle, electronics, electrical and electronic technology, automatic control theory, the microcomputer control technology, mechanical engineering foundation of professional knowledge. 3, master motors, electrical appliances, electric power, high voltage, the basic theory of such heavy field and professional knowledge. 4 with motor, electrical appliances, electrical equipment of the design, manufacture, operation control, test analysis, research and development, production and management of the preliminary ability, Or have power system, electrical equipment, building electrical field of system design and operation control, development, testing the preliminary analysis ability, Or building electrical field electrical design, building automation, integrated wiring and intelligent building system design, system operation, develop, test analysis, project construction and management ability. 5 and has strong ability of self-study and further ability. This program is to cultivate students can be engaged in the following job: 1, motor electrical design, manufacturing and control, test, operation and maintenance, research and development, production and management work, Electrical equipment and power system and power system and the operation, high-rise building electrical design and maintenance work, Or building electrical field electrical design, building automation, integrated wiring and intelligent building system design, system operation, develop, test analysis, project construction and management work. 2, power electronics, electrical, automation and instrumentation, etc transmission technology development work. Third, the main subject, the main course main subject: electrical engineering, control of science and engineering, computer science and technology major courses: circuit theory, electronic technology, electronic technology, automatic control theory, principle and application, electrical engineering, electrical appliances, and power system analysis and design, high and low voltage electric motors, electric motor control, intelligent, principle and application of the power system protection, electric power system integrated automation, building for distribution, etc. A train, the training goal of socialist construction, comprehensive development agenda, basic engineer training, can relate theory to practice, electrical, electronic technique, control principles, automatic detection and instrumentation, signal processing, computer technology and network technology and application of such a wide field of engineering technology and professional knowledge, can in motion control, industrial process control and power electronic technology, detection and instrumentation, electronic and computer technology, information processing, management and decision-making, etc, analysis, design, manufacturing and application of advanced application-oriented engineering and technical personnel. Second, the business scope and specifications (1) 1, master the business specifications necessary, professional knowledge base system, 2, a preliminary engineering knowledge and wider professional knowledge, 3, a preliminary scientific experiments, literature retrieval, information and technical and economic analysis and production management knowledge, 4 and has strong ability of cartography, 5 and application of electronic and mechanical materials and technology knowledge and solve the problem of professional production practical ability, 6 and has strong using computer technology and control ability, 7, with strong scientific research, experiment and analysis to solve the question ability, professional engineering 8 and has strong ability of self-study and adapt to the development of science and technology capability, Nine, a preliminary analysis and evaluation of economy and technology, production management and coordination ability, 10 and have strong English reading ability, (2) business scope, automatic control systems, power electronic equipment design, manufacturing, test, etc. 2 and automation technology of theoretical research and scientific experiments. 3, computer and its technology and research and development work. 4, factories and equipment control system of technological development, application and management work. 5 and the school teaching, scientific research and management work. Third, the main subject, the main course backbone disciplines: control of science and engineering, electrical engineering, computer science and technology major courses: circuit theory, analog electronic technology, digital electronic technology, automatic control theory, principle and application, and power electronic technology, electrical control and PLC and single-chip microcomputer principle and application, technical, motion control system, sensors and testing technology.Obtain employment direction
Electrical engineering and automation, absolutely is a highly professional expertise, but because the school is different, it is not the same, on the strength of the electricity, you must first points clear, the study of power system analysis, motor learning, relay protection, such as high voltage power, the direction of the electric power industry professional now because of the very popular and development direction, but this is not much, most university college of electrical field are weak, mainly studies the PLC control principle, control and Matlab. High voltage is the best direction: this is where people over the power company and large power, for this industry is bad, I think I need to say much, there is some large companies, such as: Siemens, ABB is the professional digestive large, Elv: for electricity, because of its general tends to control, so if into electric power industry in power plant, general electric company relatively few people gathered in the other aspects, but with less difference is heavy, also can enter Siemens, ABB etc. Large domestic and foreign, the several large electrical company.
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