Explain what ‘cost of equity’ and ‘cost of debt’ are.

如何计算WACC

WACC=(equity/(equity+debt))*cost of equity+(debt/(equity+debt))*cost of debt*(1-corporate tax rate)WACC=(E/V)*Re+(D/V)*Rd*(1-Tc)扩展资料：一、 WACC英文Weighted Average Cost of Capital的缩写。WACC代表公司整体平均资金成本，可用来衡量一个项目是否值得投资；项目的回报必须不低于WACC。 计算WACC时，先算出构成公司资本结构的各个项目如普通股、优先股、公司债及其他长期负债各自的资金成本或要求回报率，然后将这些回报率按各项目在资本结构中的权重加权，即可算出加权平均资本成本。计算公式=（债务/总资本）*债务成本*（1-企业所得税税率）+（资产净值/总资本）*股权成本，考虑税收时，债务成本=利息*（1-税率）二、 WACC被表示为百分比，象利息。 例如，如果公司比此与WACC 12%一起使用，意味着应该做仅投资，并且应该做所有投资， WACC给一回报更加高于12%。资本的费用为所有投资，为一家整个公司或为项目，是否是资本提供者将想接受回报的利率，如果他们在别处将投资他们的资本。 换句话说，资本的费用是opportunity cost的类型。三、 举例说明：公司的债务市值为4，500万元，优先股价值500万元，普通股市值为5，000万元，公司的债务收益率为9.5%。其优先股支付每股7.5元固定股息，目前定价为每股50元。该公司普通股的beta值为0.9，... 公司的债务市值为4，500万元，优先股价值500万元，普通股市值为5，000万元，公司的债务收益率为9.5%。其优先股支付每股7.5元固定股息，目前定价为每股50元。该公司普通股的beta值为0.9，无风险利率为4%，市场风险溢价为9.5%。鉴于公司面临30%的税收，计算公司的加权平均资本成本。即WACC。一、 首先，要计算WACC的话，需要用到公式：WACC=Rd*Xd*(1-Tc)+Rps*Xps+Re*Xe其中，Rd， Rps， Re — 债权成本、优先股成本和股权成本（普通股成本）；Xd， Xps， Xe — 债权比重、优先股比重和股权比重，例：Xd=(D)/(D+PS+E)；Tc — 公司税率。二、 下面开始计算债权成本、优先股成本和股权成本1，其中，债权成本（Rd）和优先股成本（Rps），一般采用银行贷款利率或优先股/债券到期收益率直接计算。即，Rd=9.5%然后我们要理解的是，优先股等价于永久权利，它的持有人将永远获得固定的收益。因此它的成本等于每期红利除以每股股价。即，Rps=7.5/50=15%2，要计算股权成本需要用到CAPM计算模型该模型计算公式为：Rei = Rf + MRP * Beta其中，Rf — 无风险利率； MRP — 市场（风险）溢价； Beta — 即公司beta系数。带入公式，得Re = 4% + 9.5% * 0.9 = 12.55%三、最后将求得的各个数据带入WACC公式中得，WACC = 0.095 * (1 - 0.3) * (4500/(4500+500+5000)) + 0.15 * (500/(4500+500+5000)) + 0.1255 * (5000/(4500+500+5000)) = 0.10 = 10%

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　　Cost of Equity股本成本公司权益方要求的回报率，传统上采用股息资本模型计算：。

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The cost of equity is the return (often expressed as a rate of return) a firm theoretically pays to its equity investors, i.e., shareholders, to compensate for the risk they undertake by investing their capital. Firms need to acquire capital from others to operate and grow. Individuals and organizations who are willing to provide their funds to others naturally desire to be rewarded. Just as landlords seek rents on their property, capital providers seek returns on their funds, which must be commensurate with the risk undertaken.
The cost of debt is relatively simple to calculate, as it is composed of the rate of interest paid. In practice, the interest-rate paid by the company can be modeled as the risk-free rate plus a risk component (risk premium), which itself incorporates a probable rate of default (and amount of recovery given default). For companies with similar risk or credit ratings, the interest rate is largely exogenous (not linked to the cost of debt), the cost of equity is broadly defined as the risk-weighted projected return required by investors, where the return is largely unknown. The cost of equity is therefore inferred by comparing the investment to other investments (comparable) with similar risk profiles to determine the "market" cost of equity. It is commonly equated using the capital asset pricing model formula (below), although articles such as Stulz 1995 question the validity of using a local CAPM versus an international CAPM- also considering whether markets are fully integrated or segmented (if fully integrated, there would be no need for a local CAPM).