高硼硅玻璃英文资料
高硼硅玻璃英文名是Borosilicate glass，也有人称之为Pyrex glass。这里有一篇比较详细的介绍：
Borosilicate glass represents unmatched standardized glass for construction of plant and piping in the chemical, dyestuff, food pharmaceutical, petrochemical industries. Its steadily growing use is due to many advantages over conventional materials.
• Outstanding corrosion resistance
• Smooth pore free surface.
• Transparency
• Catalytic inertness.
• No effect on taste and odour.
• Physiological inertness.
Borosilicate glass is chosen for its unique chemical and physical properties. Borosilicate glass can be considered as being composed of oxides. Silica (SiO2) Magnesia (MgO) and lead oxide (PbO) are the principle modifiers/fluxes.
The chemical and physical properties of any glass depends on a varying degree on chemical composition of glass.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
The composition of borosilicate glass used for chemical plants has following approximate composion.
SiO2 - 80.6% B2 O2 - 12.5%
Na2O - 4.2% Al2O3 - 2.2%
RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL
Borosilicate glass is inert to almost all materials except hydroflouric acid (HF) phosphoric acid((H3Po4) and hot strong caustic solutions. Of these Hydroflouric acid has the most serious effect, even when it is present in PPM (parts per million) in solutions. Where as phosphoric acid and caustic solutions cause no problems when cold but at elevatrd temprature corrosion occurs. in case of caustic solutions upto 30% concentration can be handled safely at ambient temperature.
Under actual operating conditions, the effect of turbulence, and traces of other chemicals in the solution may increase of decrease the rate of attack. So it is not possible to give exact figures for corrosion by caustic solutions.
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Linear coefficient of thermal expansion
The coefficient of thermal expansion of borosilicate glass over the temperature 0 - 300°C is 3.3 x 10-6/°C. This is very low when compared with other glasses and metals. That is why, borosilicate glass is often called low expansion borosilicate glass.
Specific heat
Specific heat between 25°C and 300°C is average to be 0.233Kcal/Kg, °C
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal conductivity is 1.0 Kcal/hr,m°C. Over the permissible operating temperature range.
ANNEALING
Annealing of glass is the process where the glass is heated and kept for a defined period of time to relive internal stresses. Careful cooling under controlled conditions is essential to ensure that no stresses are reintroduced by chilling/cooling.
RESHAPEING
In the given below are shown characteristic temperature at a determined viscosity, essential for glass reshap.
Lower cooling temperature 1024 poise 515°C
Upper cooling temperature 1013 poise 565°C
Softening point 107 poise 795°C
Reshapeing point 104 poise 120° C
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The lack of ductility of glass prevents the equalization of stresses at local irregularities or flaws and the breakage strength varies considerably about a mean value. This latter is found to occur at a tensile strength of about 700kg/cm2
In order to allow for the spread of breaking stress, a large factor of safely is applied when determining the wall thickness requirement to allow operation up to values given in the table of working pressure.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Borosilicate glass show no appreciable absorption in the visible region of spectrum and therefore appears clear and clour less.
In photo chemical processes the transparency of ultra violet is of particular importance. It follows from the transmittance of material in uv region that photo chemical reactions such as chlorination & sulpho chlorination can be performed in it.
WORKING TEMPERATURE
Borosilicate glass retains its mechanical strength and will deform only at temperature which approach its strain point. The practical upper limit for operating temperature is much lower and is controlled by the temperature differentials in the glass which depends on the relative temprature defferentials in the glass which depends on the relative temprature of the contens of the equipment and the external surroundings. Provided borosilicate glass is not subject to rapid change in temperature, creating undue thermal shock, it can be operated safety at temperatures up to 250 °C.
It must be realised that in complete plants, composed not only of borosilicate glass, but also includ other materials such as PTFE the recommended max. Operating temperature is 200°C. Operating temperatures may have to be modified so as to compensate for the effects of other factors such as pressure, thermal cycling, rapid heating cooling etc.
The degree of thermal shock (usually defined as sudden chilling or heating) which it can withstand depends on many factors such as stresses due to operating conditions, stresses imposed in supporting the equipment, the wall thickness of the glass. It is therefore undesirable to give sudden temperature changes. But up to 120 °C can be accomodated.
At sub-zero temperature, the tensile strength of borosilicate glass tends to increase and equipment can be used with safety at temperatures as low as -50 °C for XTRONG and components.
注：百度这里有很多相关的图片：
http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&fm=ps&word=%C5%F0%B9%E8%B2%A3%C1%A7
高硼硅玻璃杯有毒吗_有道翻译
翻译结果：
The high borosilicate glass poisonous
poisonous_有道词典
poisonous
英 ['pɒɪzənəs]
美 ['pɔɪzənəs]
adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的
更多释义>>
[网络短语]
poisonous 有毒的,有害的,恶毒的
================
Borosilicate Glass
================
Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with the main glass-forming constituents silica and boron oxide. Borosilicate glasses are most well known for having very low coefficient of thermal expansion, making them resistant to thermal shock, more so than any other common glass. Borosilicate glass was first developed by German glassmaker Otto Schott in the late 19th century and sold under the brand name "Duran" in 1893. After Corning Glass Works introduced Pyrex in 1915, it became a synonym for borosilicate glass in the English-speaking world (however, since 1998 Pyrex kitchen brand is no longer made of borosilicate but of soda-lime glass).
Most borosilicate glass is clear. Colored borosilicate, for the art glass trade, was first widely brought onto the market in 1986 when Paul Trautman founded Northstar Glassworks. There are now a number of small companies in the U.S. and abroad that manufacture and sell colored borosilicate glass for the art glass market.
In addition to the quartz, sodium carbonate, and calcium carbonate traditionally used in glassmaking, boron is used in the manufacture of borosilicate glass. Typically, the resulting glass composition is about 70% silica, 10% boron oxide, 8% sodium oxide, 8% potassium oxide, and 1% calcium oxide (lime). Though somewhat more difficult to make than traditional glass (Corning conducted a major revamp of their operations to make it), it is economical to produce because its superior durability, chemical and heat resistance finds excellent use in chemical laboratory equipment, cookware, lighting, and in certain cases, windows.
Manufacturing process
Borosilicate glass is created by adding boron to the traditional glassmaker's "frit" of silicate sand, soda, and ground lime. Since borosilicate glass melts at a higher temperature than ordinary silicate glass, some new techniques were required to bring it into industrial production. Borrowing from the welding trade, new burners combining oxygen with natural gas were required.
Composition and physical characteristics
Borosilicate glass has a very low thermal expansion coefficient, about one-third that of ordinary glass. This reduces material stresses caused by temperature gradients, thus making it more resistant to breaking. This makes it a popular material for objects like telescope mirrors, where it is essential to have very little deviation in shape. It is also used in the processing of high-level nuclear waste, where the waste is immobilised in the glass through a process known as vitrification (contrast with Synroc).
Borosilicate glass begins to soften around 821°C (1510°F); at this temperature, the viscosity of type 7740 Pyrex is 107.6 poise.
Borosilicate glass is less dense than ordinary glass.
While more resistant to thermal shock than other types of glass, borosilicate glass can still crack or shatter when subject to rapid or uneven temperature variations. When broken, borosilicate glass tends to crack into large pieces rather than shattering (it will snap rather than splinter).
Optically, borosilicate glasses are crown glasses with low dispersion (Abbe numbers around 65) and relatively low refractive indices (1.51–1.54 across the visible range).
Usage
Borosilicate glass's refractory properties and physical strength make it ideal for use in laboratories, where it is used to make high-durability glass lab equipment, such as beakers and test tubes. In addition, borosilicate glass warps minimally when exposed to heat allowing a borosilicate container to provide accurate measurements of volume over time.
During the mid-twentieth century borosilicate glass tubing was used to pipe coolants (often distilled water) through high power vacuum tube–based electronic equipment, such as commercial broadcast transmitters.
Glass cookware is another common usage; a borosilicate glass pie plate is almost the American standard pie dish. Borosilicate glass measuring cups, featuring painted-on markings illustrating graduated measurements, are also widely used in American kitchens.
Aquarium heaters are sometimes made out of borosilicate glass. Due to its high heat resistance, it can tolerate the great temperature differences between water and the nichrome heating element.
Many high quality flashlights use borosilicate glass for the lens. This allows for a higher percentage of light transmittance through the lens than compared to plastics and lower-quality glass.
Specialty marijuana and tobacco pipes are made from borosilicate glass. The high heat resistance allows the pipe to tolerate a longer period of use, and these pipes are also more durable.
Most premanufactured glass guitar slides are also made of borosilicate glass.
New lampworking techniques led to artistic applications such as contemporary glass marbles. The modern glass art movement, spurred largely by the rapid development of a borosilicate color palette at Northstar Glass in the 1980s and 1990s, has provided vast economic growth for borosilicate glass suppliers. Borosilicate is commonly used in the glassblowing form of lampworking and the artists create a range of products ranging from jewelry, kitchenware, to sculpture as well as for artistic glass tobacco pipes.
Borosilicate glass is sometimes used for high-quality beverage glassware. Borosilicate glass lends the kitchenware and glassware increased durability along with microwave and dishwasher compatibility.
Most astronomical reflecting telescope glass mirror components are made of borosilicate glass because of its low coefficient of expansion with heat. This makes very precise optical surfaces possible that change very little with temperature, and matched glass mirror components that "track" across temperature changes and retain the optical system's characteristics.
The optical glass most often used for making instrument lenses is Schott BK-7 (or the equivalent from other makers), a very finely made borosilicate crown glass. It is also designated as 517642 glass after its 1.517 refractive index and 64.2 Abbe number. Other less costly borosilicate glasses, such as Schott B270 or the equivalent, are used to make "crown glass" eyeglasses lenses. Ordinary lower-cost borosilicate glass, like that used to make kitchenware and even reflecting telescope mirrors, cannot be used for high quality lenses because of the striations and inclusions common to lower grades of this type of glass.
Borosilicate is also a material of choice for evacuated tube solar thermal technology, because of its high strength and heat resistance.
Borosilicate glasses also find application in the semiconductor industry in the development of micromechanical devices, known as MEMS, as part of stacks of etched silica wafers bonded to the etched borosilicate glass.
The thermal insulation tiles on the Space Shuttle are coated with Borosilicate glass. Lighting manufacturers use borosilicate glass in their refractors.
DURAN 高硼硅玻璃英文网页：http://www.duran-group.com/english/products/duran/properties/index.html
CORNING 高硼硅玻璃英文资料（PDF）：http://www.corning.com/docs/specialtymaterials/pisheets/WaferSht.pdf
高硼硅玻璃英文名
Borosilicate
glass
称
Pyrex
glass
篇比较详细
介绍：
Borosilicate
glass
represents
unmatched
standardized
glass
for
construction
of
plant
and
piping
in
the
chemical,
dyestuff,
food
pharmaceutical,
petrochemical
industries.
Its
steadily
growing
use
is
due
to
many
advantages
over
conventional
materials.
•
Outstanding
corrosion
resistance
•
Smooth
pore
free
surface.
•
Transparency
•
Catalytic
inertness.
•
No
effect
on
taste
and
odour.
•
Physiological
inertness.
Borosilicate
glass
is
chosen
for
its
unique
chemical
and
physical
properties.
Borosilicate
glass
can
be
considered
as
being
composed
of
oxides.
Silica
(SiO2)
Magnesia
(MgO)
and
lead
oxide
(PbO)
are
the
principle
modifiers/fluxes.
The
chemical
and
physical
properties
of
any
glass
depends
on
a
varying
degree
on
chemical
composition
of
glass.
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
The
composition
of
borosilicate
glass
used
for
chemical
plants
has
following
approximate
composion.
SiO2
-
80.6%
B2
O2
-
12.5%
Na2O
-
4.2%
Al2O3
-
2.2%
RESISTANCE
TO
CHEMICAL
Borosilicate
glass
is
inert
to
almost
all
materials
except
hydroflouric
acid
(HF)
phosphoric
acid((H3Po4)
and
hot
strong
caustic
solutions.
Of
these
Hydroflouric
acid
has
the
most
serious
effect,
even
when
it
is
present
in
PPM
(parts
per
million)
in
solutions.
Where
as
phosphoric
acid
and
caustic
solutions
cause
no
problems
when
cold
but
at
elevatrd
temprature
corrosion
occurs.
in
case
of
caustic
solutions
upto
30%
concentration
can
be
handled
safely
at
ambient
temperature.
Under
actual
operating
conditions,
the
effect
of
turbulence,
and
traces
of
other
chemicals
in
the
solution
may
increase
of
decrease
the
rate
of
attack.
So
it
is
not
possible
to
give
exact
figures
for
corrosion
by
caustic
solutions.
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
Linear
coefficient
of
thermal
expansion
The
coefficient
of
thermal
expansion
of
borosilicate
glass
over
the
temperature
0
-
300°C
is
3.3
x
10-6/°C.
This
is
very
low
when
compared
with
other
glasses
and
metals.
That
is
why,
borosilicate
glass
is
often
called
low
expansion
borosilicate
glass.
Specific
heat
Specific
heat
between
25°C
and
300°C
is
average
to
be
0.233Kcal/Kg,
°C
Thermal
Conductivity
Thermal
conductivity
is
1.0
Kcal/hr,m°C.
Over
the
permissible
operating
temperature
range.
ANNEALING
Annealing
of
glass
is
the
process
where
the
glass
is
heated
and
kept
for
a
defined
period
of
time
to
relive
internal
stresses.
Careful
cooling
under
controlled
conditions
is
essential
to
ensure
that
no
stresses
are
reintroduced
by
chilling/cooling.
RESHAPEING
In
the
given
below
are
shown
characteristic
temperature
at
a
determined
viscosity,
essential
for
glass
reshap.
Lower
cooling
temperature
1024
poise
515°C
Upper
cooling
temperature
1013
poise
565°C
Softening
point
107
poise
795°C
Reshapeing
point
104
poise
120°
C
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
The
lack
of
ductility
of
glass
prevents
the
equalization
of
stresses
at
local
irregularities
or
flaws
and
the
breakage
strength
varies
considerably
about
a
mean
value.
This
latter
is
found
to
occur
at
a
tensile
strength
of
about
700kg/cm2
In
order
to
allow
for
the
spread
of
breaking
stress,
a
large
factor
of
safely
is
applied
when
determining
the
wall
thickness
requirement
to
allow
operation
up
to
values
given
in
the
table
of
working
pressure.
OPTICAL
PROPERTIES
Borosilicate
glass
show
no
appreciable
absorption
in
the
visible
region
of
spectrum
and
therefore
appears
clear
and
clour
less.
In
photo
chemical
processes
the
transparency
of
ultra
violet
is
of
particular
importance.
It
follows
from
the
transmittance
of
material
in
uv
region
that
photo
chemical
reactions
such
as
chlorination
&
sulpho
chlorination
can
be
performed
in
it.
WORKING
TEMPERATURE
Borosilicate
glass
retains
its
mechanical
strength
and
will
deform
only
at
temperature
which
approach
its
strain
point.
The
practical
upper
limit
for
operating
temperature
is
much
lower
and
is
controlled
by
the
temperature
differentials
in
the
glass
which
depends
on
the
relative
temprature
defferentials
in
the
glass
which
depends
on
the
relative
temprature
of
the
contens
of
the
equipment
and
the
external
surroundings.
Provided
borosilicate
glass
is
not
subject
to
rapid
change
in
temperature,
creating
undue
thermal
shock,
it
can
be
operated
safety
at
temperatures
up
to
250
°C.
It
must
be
realised
that
in
complete
plants,
composed
not
only
of
borosilicate
glass,
but
also
includ
other
materials
such
as
PTFE
the
recommended
max.
Operating
temperature
is
200°C.
Operating
temperatures
may
have
to
be
modified
so
as
to
compensate
for
the
effects
of
other
factors
such
as
pressure,
thermal
cycling,
rapid
heating
cooling
etc.
The
degree
of
thermal
shock
(usually
defined
as
sudden
chilling
or
heating)
which
it
can
withstand
depends
on
many
factors
such
as
stresses
due
to
operating
conditions,
stresses
imposed
in
supporting
the
equipment,
the
wall
thickness
of
the
glass.
It
is
therefore
undesirable
to
give
sudden
temperature
changes.
But
up
to
120
°C
can
be
accomodated.
At
sub-zero
temperature,
the
tensile
strength
of
borosilicate
glass
tends
to
increase
and
equipment
can
be
used
with
safety
at
temperatures
as
low
as
-50
°C
for
XTRONG
and
components.
注：百度
相关
图片：
http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=baiduimage&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&fm=ps&word=%C5%F0%B9%E8%B2%A3%C1%A7
答：高硼硅玻璃是在常规玻璃制作材料二氧化硅中加入苏打水和石灰等添加剂形成的低膨胀率、耐高温、高强度、高硬度、高透光率和高化学稳定性的特殊玻璃材料。常用作烧杯、试管、手电筒使用镜头、专业打火机丹烟斗、望远镜反射镜、高精度光学镜片等。有机玻璃又叫PMMA塑料(聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂) 英文名称:Polymethyl ...
答：不过这种壶不太健康，结构上，这类壶是有金属发热盘和胶圈的，直接接触水和食材，这两样东西不是什么好东西。另外，在玻璃，发热盘，胶圈之间有缝隙，容易藏东西，难清洗。另一种养生壶的整个壶体是采用对人体无害的高硼硅玻璃，这种玻璃是在1600多度下熔制的，主要原料是硼和硅，无任何重金属添加剂...
答：分析如下：1、可以将杯子放在冰箱里，冷藏24小时，拿出倒上100度的热水，如果炸裂的肯定就不是高硼硅玻璃。2、高硼硅玻璃杯透明度更好，杯体更细腻，手感更滑爽。耐高温，抗骤冷骤热，是高硼硅玻璃制品的最大特点。3、玻璃杯（glass）是原材料是玻璃的杯子，通常原材料是高硼硅玻璃，经过600多度的...
答：选高硼硅玻璃，因为高硼的玻璃膨胀系数低，也就是耐急冷急热性能优异。而钢化玻璃是强度高，但不耐急冷急热。通常高档日常用的高硼玻璃器皿也是钢化过的。应用远不止这些，其它方面的应用如真空管、水族馆的加热器、手电筒的镜头、专业打火机、烟斗、玻璃球艺术品、高品质的饮料玻璃器皿、太阳能热...
答：高硼硅玻璃是一种强化耐火性能的玻璃，高硼硅玻璃的主要成分是三氧化二硼和二氧化硅，比普通玻璃的二氧化硅的量高。高硼硅玻璃的耐火性能好，物理强度高，与普遍玻璃相比，无毒副作用，其机械性能，热稳定性能，抗水、抗碱、抗酸等性能大大提高。高硼硅玻璃具有非常低的热膨胀系数，只有普通玻璃的三分...
答：安全无毒。高硼硅玻璃(又名硬质玻璃)，因线热膨胀系数为(3.3士0.1)*10-6/K,也有人称之为“硼硅玻璃3.3”。是以氧化钠(Na2O)、氧化硼(B2O2)、二氧化硅(SIO2)为基本成份的一种玻璃。 由于稳定性更好，这种杯子放入热水的情况下不会有其物质析出，所以，没有毒。高硼硅玻璃是一种低膨胀率...
答：高硼硅是一种高性能的玻璃材料。高硼硅，也被称为高硼硅玻璃或高级硼硅酸盐玻璃，是一种特殊的玻璃材料。下面将对高硼硅进行详细解释：1. 高硼硅的基本定义 高硼硅是一种含有较高成分硼和硅的特种玻璃。其中，硼元素的加入提高了玻璃的耐高温性能和化学稳定性，硅则保证了玻璃的透明度和强度。这种...
答：高硼硅玻璃不含铅，它是利用玻璃在高温状态下导电的特性，通过在玻璃内部加热来实现玻璃熔化，经先进生产工艺加工而成，因线热膨胀系数为(3.3士0.1)×10-6/K，也有人称之为“硼硅玻璃3.3”。它是一种低膨胀率、耐高温、高强度、高硬度、高透光率和高化学稳定性的特殊玻璃材料。高硼硅玻璃由硼...
答：高硼硅玻璃杯能喝水。高硼硅玻璃杯安全无毒。高硼硅玻璃的耐火性能好，物理强度高，与普遍玻璃相比，无毒副作用，其机械性能，热稳定性能，抗水、抗碱、抗酸等性能大大提高。因此，可广泛用于化工、航天、军事、家庭、医院等各个领域，可制成灯具、餐具、标盘、望远镜片、洗衣机观察孔、微波炉盘、...
