关于体检的英文网站
kuaidi.ping-jia.net 作者：佚名 更新日期：2024-07-08
健康体检（英文）
Although providers have varying approaches as to the sequence of body parts, a systematic examination generally starts at the head and finishes at the extremities. After the main organ systems have been investigated by inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, specific tests may follow (such as a neurological investigation, orthopedic examination) or specific tests when a particular disease is suspected (e.g. eliciting Trousseau's sign in hypocalcemia).
With the clues obtained during the history and physical examination the healthcare provider can now formulate a differential diagnosis, a list of potential causes of the symptoms. Specific diagnostic tests (or occasionally empirical therapy) generally confirm the cause, or shed light on other, previously overlooked, causes.
Whilst the format of examination as listed below is largely as taught and expected of students, a specialist will focus on their particular field and the nature of the problem described by the patient. Hence a cardiologist will not in routine practice undertake neurological parts of the examination other than noting that the patient is able to use all four limbs on entering the consultation room and during the consultation become aware of their hearing, eyesight and speech. Likewise an Orthopaedic surgeon will examine the affected joint, but may only briefly check the heart sounds and chest to ensure that there is not likely to be any contraindication to surgery raised by the anaesthetist. Non-specialists generally examine the genitals only upon request of the patient.
A complete physical examination includes evaluation of general patient appearance and specific organ systems. It is recorded in the medical record in a standard layout which facilitates others later reading the notes. In practice the vital signs of temperature examination, pulse and blood pressure are usually measured first.
[edit] Vital Signs
[edit] Temperature
Temperature recording gives an indication of core body temperature which is normally tightly controlled (thermoregulation) as it affects the rate of chemical reactions.
The main reason for checking body temperature is to solicit any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a fever (temp > 38.5°C or sustained temp > 38°C). Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia. Temperature depression (hypothermia) also needs to be evaluated. It is also noteworthy to review the trend of the patient's temperature. A patient with a fever of 38°C does not necessarily indicate an ominous sign if his previous temperature has been higher.
[edit] Blood pressure
Main article: blood pressure#Measurement
The blood pressure is recorded as two readings, a high systolic pressure which is the maximal contraction of the heart and the lower diastolic or resting pressure. Usually the blood pressure is taken in the right arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the pulse pressure. The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with an aneroid or electronic sphygmomanometer. The classic measurement device is a mercury sphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off in millimeters. In the United States and UK, the common form is millimeters of mercury, whilst elsewhere SI units of pressure are used. There is no natural 'normal' value for blood pressure, but rather a range of values that on increasing are associated with increased risks. The guideline acceptable reading also takes into account other co-factors for disease. Elevated blood pressure hypertension therefore is variously defined when the systolic number is persistently over 140-160 mmHg. Low blood pressure is hypotension. Blood pressures are also taken at other portions of the extremities. These pressures are called segmental blood pressures and are used to evaluate blockage or arterial occlusion in a limb (see Ankle brachial pressure index).
[edit] Pulse
Main article: Pulse
The pulse is the physical expansion of the artery Its rate is usually measured either at the wrist or the ankle and is recorded as beats per minute. The pulse commonly is taken is the radial artery at the wrist. Sometimes the pulse cannot be taken at the wrist and is taken at the elbow (brachial artery), at the neck against the carotid artery (carotid pulse), behind the knee (popliteal artery), or in the foot dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries. The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the heartbeat using a stethoscope. The pulse varies with age. A newborn or infant can have a heart rate of about 130-150 beats per minute. A toddler's heart will beat about 100-120 times per minute, an older child's heartbeat is around 90-110 beats per minute, adolescents around 80-100 beats per minute, and adults pulse rate is anywhere between 50 and 80 beats per minute.
[edit] Respiratory rate
Varies with age, but the normal reference range is 16-20 breaths/minute.
[edit] Basic biometrics
[edit] Height
Height is the anthropometric longitudinal growth of an individual. A statiometer is the device used to measure height although often a height stick is more frequently used for vertical measurement of adults or children older than 2. The patient is asked to stand barefoot. Height declines during the day because of compression of the intervertebral discs. Children under age 2 are measured lying horizontally.
[edit] Weight
Weight is the anthropometric mass of an individual. A scale is used to measure weight.
Body mass index, or BMI, is used to calculate the relationship between healthy height and weight and obesity or being overweight or underweight.
Medical professionals generally prefer to use the SI unit of kilograms, and many medical facilities have ready-reckoner conversion charts available for professionals to use, when patients describe their weight in non-SI units. (In the US, pounds and ounces are common, while in the UK stones and pounds are frequently used; in most other countries the metric system predominates.)
[edit] Pain
Because of the importance of pain to the overall wellness of the patient, subjective measurement is considered to be a vital sign. Clinically pain is measured using a FACES scale which is a series of faces from '0' (no pain at all showing a normal happy face) to '5' (the worst pain ever experienced by the patient). There is also an analog scale from '0' to maximum '10'. It is important to allow patients to make their own choices on a pain scale. Physicians and health care workers frequently understate patient pain.[citation needed]
[edit] Structure of the written examination record
[edit] General appearance
Obvious apparent features as the patient enters the consulting room and in the course of taking the history (e.g. mobility problem or deafness)
JACCOL, a mnemonic for jaundice, suggestion of anaemia (pale colour of skin or conjunctiva), cyanosis (blue coloration of lips or extremities), clubbing of fingernails, edema of ankles, lymph nodes of neck, armpits, groins.
[edit] Organ systems
Cardiovascular system
Blood pressure, pulse rate and rhythm.
Jugular venous pressure (JVP), peripheral oedema and evidence for pulmonary oedema.
Precordial exam (cardiac exam)
Lungs
4 parts: examination, auscultation, palpation, percussion
Examination involves observing the respiratory rate which should be in a ratio of 1:2 inspiration:expiration. An acidotic patient will have more rapid breathing to compensate known as Kussmaul breathing. Another type of breathing is Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which is alternating breathing in high frequency and low frequency from brain stem injury. Also observe for retractions seen in asthmatics. Observe for barrel-chest (increased AP diameter) seen in COPD. Observe for shifted trachea or one sided chest expansion, which can hint pneumothorax.
Lung auscultation is listening to the lungs bilaterally at the anterior chest and posterior chest. Wheezing is described as a musical sound on expiration or inspiration. It is the result of narrowed airways. Rhonchi are bubbly sounds similar to blowing bubbles through a straw into a sundae. They are heard on expiration and inspiration. It is the result of viscous fluid in the airays. Crackles or rales are similar to rhonchi except they are only heard during inspiration. It is the result of alveoli popping open from increased air pressure.
For palpation, place both palms or medial aspects of hands on the posterior lung field. Ask the patient to count 1-10. The point of this part is to feel for vibrations and compare between the right/left lung field. If the pt has a consolidation (maybe caused by pneumonia), the vibration will be louder at that part of the lung. This is because sound travels faster through denser material than air.
On percussion, you are testing mainly for pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The sound will be more tympanic if there is a pneumothorax because air will stretch the pleural membranes like a drum. If there is fluid between the pleural membranes, the percussion will be dampened and sound muffled.
There is always difficulty differentiating between pneumonia and pleural effusion based on just auscultation since both will have crackles or rhonchi. That is why such exams like palpation will help differentiate between the two. If there is pneumonia, palpation should reveal increased vibration and percussion should be decreased. If there is pleural effusion, palpation should reveal decreased vibration and percussion should also be decreased.
Breasts
Abdomen
Abdominal examination notes in particular any tenderness, bloating, organ enlargement, or aortic aneurysm.
No abdominal examination is complete without a Rectal examination
Genitalia
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system, including mental status
Head and neck (HEENT)
Skin
Check of the hair to see if the hair growth is receding (baldness) or there is loss of hair (alopecia).
Check of the skin will tell if there are marks such as hemangioma or strawberry marks or changes to the skin. Dark spots on the skin, nevi are also places where cancerous changes can appear because the face, head and neck are most usually sun exposed. Specific skin conditions (e.g. pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, acanthosis nigricans) may be associated with specific diseases (ulcerative colitis, sarcoidosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, respectively).
At Wikiversity, you can learn about:
Physical examination
[edit] See also
Eye examination
Heart sounds
Human weight
Knee examination
Medical record
Medical test
Intimate examination
[edit] External links
Connecticut Tutorials Physical Examination Video
UCSD school of medicine - guide to writing HPI and performing complete physical exam. Excellent for medical students
The Journal of Clinical Examination - A useful online source for evidence-based guidance on physical examination
JAMA Rational Clinical Exam - A collection of papers reviewing the evidence base for physical examination
美国移民体检指定医院
答：在这个网站可以查到移民局认可的医院和医生 - https://my.uscis.gov/findadoctor，输入邮编或者地址就可以。可以提前准备好国内出具的疫苗证明，最好有英文，没有中文也可以，这样可以省的在美国还要再打一遍。注：移民体检现在是有有效期的，12个月，超过的话要重新体检。如果人在中国，可以参考美国驻...
出国体检一套流程下来要多久?费用大概是多少?
答：如果有一定英语基础并且家里可以上外网的话,直接搜索对应医院的官方网站,点开international office或international patient(医院国际部),在contakt us中找到负责人的邮箱,发送“我来自中国,想要到贵医院治病,请问需要提供哪些材料”之类的咨询邮件,一般24小时内都会收到所需提供病例材料清单或在线提交病例资料的网站链接邮件...
体检英文怎么说
答：另一种表达方式是medical check-up，这个词通常用于描述全面的身体检查，包括基本的身体检查、实验室检查和影像学检查等。在这种情况下，医生会详细检查患者的身体各部位，以及进行必要的检查来评估患者的健康状况。这种检查通常是由医生或医疗机构提供的全面检查服务。无论是physical examination还是medical chec...
懂医学英语的请进,高分求这个体检单的翻译,只有几个单词,是国外的一个...
答：qualitative adj.性质上的；质的；定性的 后面的p24 Ag(ECL)什么意思？P24 antigen P24抗原 Formal name: p24 Antigen What does the test result mean?A positive result means that a person is likely infected with HIV. However, a positive screening test requires that a second test be perf...
做了体检用英文怎么说
答：1.a health checkup;a physical examination;a medical inspection ;physical examination;medical check-up [参考词典]：汉英综合科技大辞典 汉英综合大词典 定期体检 periodic physical examination 身体检查 physical examination 群体检查 mass examination 问题二：体检用英文怎么说・・ 体检[...
去美国留学是不是一定要体检?
答：1. 阅读学校关于Medical Record/Immunization Record/Health Form具体要求，一定按学校规定在国内做留学体检并提供免疫记录;2. 大部分美国大学都有体检表格,请在学校网站上查找并下载之后带去体检;3. 拿到的健康检查证明书(小红本)和国际预防接种证书原件(小黄本)及体检中提供的各种化验、检查报告原件要一同...
体检报告英文怎么说
答：英 [ˈmedɪk(ə)l] 美 [ˈmedɪk(ə)l]adj. 医学的，医疗的；内科的 n. 体格检查，健康检查 [ 复数 medicals ]近义词：adj. 医学的；药的；内科的 iatrical n. 医生；体格检查 doctor , hakeem 双语例句：Her medical bills mounted up.她的医疗账单...
健康体检中心翻译成英文
答：Healthmate Clinic Medical Centre
请求帮助翻译以下7项体检项目名称,谢谢!
答：2、Lipid panel血脂 3、CBC 血常规 (HH一种血型,RBC红细胞,lndices不明白,WBC白血球,PLT血小板)4、FSH 卵泡刺激素 5、LH 黄体化激素 6、TSH促甲状腺激素,3rd Generation （字面：第三代）7、T4 free T4甲状腺素（指数？）free:字面“游离的，自由的”上述主要参考维基百科英文网站。因我也不是学...
健康体检中心翻译成英文
答：the Health Examination Centre
你是针对国内市场，那就用域名或者拼音吧，这才是最有效的。英文没意义的。
北医三院
Physical examination or clinical examination is the process by which a health care provider investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. It generally follows the taking of the medical history — an account of the symptoms as experienced by the patient. Together with the medical history, the physical examination aids in determining the correct diagnosis and devising the treatment plan. This data then becomes part of the medical record.Although providers have varying approaches as to the sequence of body parts, a systematic examination generally starts at the head and finishes at the extremities. After the main organ systems have been investigated by inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, specific tests may follow (such as a neurological investigation, orthopedic examination) or specific tests when a particular disease is suspected (e.g. eliciting Trousseau's sign in hypocalcemia).
With the clues obtained during the history and physical examination the healthcare provider can now formulate a differential diagnosis, a list of potential causes of the symptoms. Specific diagnostic tests (or occasionally empirical therapy) generally confirm the cause, or shed light on other, previously overlooked, causes.
Whilst the format of examination as listed below is largely as taught and expected of students, a specialist will focus on their particular field and the nature of the problem described by the patient. Hence a cardiologist will not in routine practice undertake neurological parts of the examination other than noting that the patient is able to use all four limbs on entering the consultation room and during the consultation become aware of their hearing, eyesight and speech. Likewise an Orthopaedic surgeon will examine the affected joint, but may only briefly check the heart sounds and chest to ensure that there is not likely to be any contraindication to surgery raised by the anaesthetist. Non-specialists generally examine the genitals only upon request of the patient.
A complete physical examination includes evaluation of general patient appearance and specific organ systems. It is recorded in the medical record in a standard layout which facilitates others later reading the notes. In practice the vital signs of temperature examination, pulse and blood pressure are usually measured first.
[edit] Vital Signs
[edit] Temperature
Temperature recording gives an indication of core body temperature which is normally tightly controlled (thermoregulation) as it affects the rate of chemical reactions.
The main reason for checking body temperature is to solicit any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a fever (temp > 38.5°C or sustained temp > 38°C). Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia. Temperature depression (hypothermia) also needs to be evaluated. It is also noteworthy to review the trend of the patient's temperature. A patient with a fever of 38°C does not necessarily indicate an ominous sign if his previous temperature has been higher.
[edit] Blood pressure
Main article: blood pressure#Measurement
The blood pressure is recorded as two readings, a high systolic pressure which is the maximal contraction of the heart and the lower diastolic or resting pressure. Usually the blood pressure is taken in the right arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the pulse pressure. The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with an aneroid or electronic sphygmomanometer. The classic measurement device is a mercury sphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off in millimeters. In the United States and UK, the common form is millimeters of mercury, whilst elsewhere SI units of pressure are used. There is no natural 'normal' value for blood pressure, but rather a range of values that on increasing are associated with increased risks. The guideline acceptable reading also takes into account other co-factors for disease. Elevated blood pressure hypertension therefore is variously defined when the systolic number is persistently over 140-160 mmHg. Low blood pressure is hypotension. Blood pressures are also taken at other portions of the extremities. These pressures are called segmental blood pressures and are used to evaluate blockage or arterial occlusion in a limb (see Ankle brachial pressure index).
[edit] Pulse
Main article: Pulse
The pulse is the physical expansion of the artery Its rate is usually measured either at the wrist or the ankle and is recorded as beats per minute. The pulse commonly is taken is the radial artery at the wrist. Sometimes the pulse cannot be taken at the wrist and is taken at the elbow (brachial artery), at the neck against the carotid artery (carotid pulse), behind the knee (popliteal artery), or in the foot dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries. The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the heartbeat using a stethoscope. The pulse varies with age. A newborn or infant can have a heart rate of about 130-150 beats per minute. A toddler's heart will beat about 100-120 times per minute, an older child's heartbeat is around 90-110 beats per minute, adolescents around 80-100 beats per minute, and adults pulse rate is anywhere between 50 and 80 beats per minute.
[edit] Respiratory rate
Varies with age, but the normal reference range is 16-20 breaths/minute.
[edit] Basic biometrics
[edit] Height
Height is the anthropometric longitudinal growth of an individual. A statiometer is the device used to measure height although often a height stick is more frequently used for vertical measurement of adults or children older than 2. The patient is asked to stand barefoot. Height declines during the day because of compression of the intervertebral discs. Children under age 2 are measured lying horizontally.
[edit] Weight
Weight is the anthropometric mass of an individual. A scale is used to measure weight.
Body mass index, or BMI, is used to calculate the relationship between healthy height and weight and obesity or being overweight or underweight.
Medical professionals generally prefer to use the SI unit of kilograms, and many medical facilities have ready-reckoner conversion charts available for professionals to use, when patients describe their weight in non-SI units. (In the US, pounds and ounces are common, while in the UK stones and pounds are frequently used; in most other countries the metric system predominates.)
[edit] Pain
Because of the importance of pain to the overall wellness of the patient, subjective measurement is considered to be a vital sign. Clinically pain is measured using a FACES scale which is a series of faces from '0' (no pain at all showing a normal happy face) to '5' (the worst pain ever experienced by the patient). There is also an analog scale from '0' to maximum '10'. It is important to allow patients to make their own choices on a pain scale. Physicians and health care workers frequently understate patient pain.[citation needed]
[edit] Structure of the written examination record
[edit] General appearance
Obvious apparent features as the patient enters the consulting room and in the course of taking the history (e.g. mobility problem or deafness)
JACCOL, a mnemonic for jaundice, suggestion of anaemia (pale colour of skin or conjunctiva), cyanosis (blue coloration of lips or extremities), clubbing of fingernails, edema of ankles, lymph nodes of neck, armpits, groins.
[edit] Organ systems
Cardiovascular system
Blood pressure, pulse rate and rhythm.
Jugular venous pressure (JVP), peripheral oedema and evidence for pulmonary oedema.
Precordial exam (cardiac exam)
Lungs
4 parts: examination, auscultation, palpation, percussion
Examination involves observing the respiratory rate which should be in a ratio of 1:2 inspiration:expiration. An acidotic patient will have more rapid breathing to compensate known as Kussmaul breathing. Another type of breathing is Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which is alternating breathing in high frequency and low frequency from brain stem injury. Also observe for retractions seen in asthmatics. Observe for barrel-chest (increased AP diameter) seen in COPD. Observe for shifted trachea or one sided chest expansion, which can hint pneumothorax.
Lung auscultation is listening to the lungs bilaterally at the anterior chest and posterior chest. Wheezing is described as a musical sound on expiration or inspiration. It is the result of narrowed airways. Rhonchi are bubbly sounds similar to blowing bubbles through a straw into a sundae. They are heard on expiration and inspiration. It is the result of viscous fluid in the airays. Crackles or rales are similar to rhonchi except they are only heard during inspiration. It is the result of alveoli popping open from increased air pressure.
For palpation, place both palms or medial aspects of hands on the posterior lung field. Ask the patient to count 1-10. The point of this part is to feel for vibrations and compare between the right/left lung field. If the pt has a consolidation (maybe caused by pneumonia), the vibration will be louder at that part of the lung. This is because sound travels faster through denser material than air.
On percussion, you are testing mainly for pleural effusion or pneumothorax. The sound will be more tympanic if there is a pneumothorax because air will stretch the pleural membranes like a drum. If there is fluid between the pleural membranes, the percussion will be dampened and sound muffled.
There is always difficulty differentiating between pneumonia and pleural effusion based on just auscultation since both will have crackles or rhonchi. That is why such exams like palpation will help differentiate between the two. If there is pneumonia, palpation should reveal increased vibration and percussion should be decreased. If there is pleural effusion, palpation should reveal decreased vibration and percussion should also be decreased.
Breasts
Abdomen
Abdominal examination notes in particular any tenderness, bloating, organ enlargement, or aortic aneurysm.
No abdominal examination is complete without a Rectal examination
Genitalia
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system, including mental status
Head and neck (HEENT)
Skin
Check of the hair to see if the hair growth is receding (baldness) or there is loss of hair (alopecia).
Check of the skin will tell if there are marks such as hemangioma or strawberry marks or changes to the skin. Dark spots on the skin, nevi are also places where cancerous changes can appear because the face, head and neck are most usually sun exposed. Specific skin conditions (e.g. pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, acanthosis nigricans) may be associated with specific diseases (ulcerative colitis, sarcoidosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, respectively).
At Wikiversity, you can learn about:
Physical examination
[edit] See also
Eye examination
Heart sounds
Human weight
Knee examination
Medical record
Medical test
Intimate examination
[edit] External links
Connecticut Tutorials Physical Examination Video
UCSD school of medicine - guide to writing HPI and performing complete physical exam. Excellent for medical students
The Journal of Clinical Examination - A useful online source for evidence-based guidance on physical examination
JAMA Rational Clinical Exam - A collection of papers reviewing the evidence base for physical examination
答：在这个网站可以查到移民局认可的医院和医生 - https://my.uscis.gov/findadoctor，输入邮编或者地址就可以。可以提前准备好国内出具的疫苗证明，最好有英文，没有中文也可以，这样可以省的在美国还要再打一遍。注：移民体检现在是有有效期的，12个月，超过的话要重新体检。如果人在中国，可以参考美国驻...
答：如果有一定英语基础并且家里可以上外网的话,直接搜索对应医院的官方网站,点开international office或international patient(医院国际部),在contakt us中找到负责人的邮箱,发送“我来自中国,想要到贵医院治病,请问需要提供哪些材料”之类的咨询邮件,一般24小时内都会收到所需提供病例材料清单或在线提交病例资料的网站链接邮件...
答：另一种表达方式是medical check-up，这个词通常用于描述全面的身体检查，包括基本的身体检查、实验室检查和影像学检查等。在这种情况下，医生会详细检查患者的身体各部位，以及进行必要的检查来评估患者的健康状况。这种检查通常是由医生或医疗机构提供的全面检查服务。无论是physical examination还是medical chec...
答：qualitative adj.性质上的；质的；定性的 后面的p24 Ag(ECL)什么意思？P24 antigen P24抗原 Formal name: p24 Antigen What does the test result mean?A positive result means that a person is likely infected with HIV. However, a positive screening test requires that a second test be perf...
答：1.a health checkup;a physical examination;a medical inspection ;physical examination;medical check-up [参考词典]：汉英综合科技大辞典 汉英综合大词典 定期体检 periodic physical examination 身体检查 physical examination 群体检查 mass examination 问题二：体检用英文怎么说・・ 体检[...
答：1. 阅读学校关于Medical Record/Immunization Record/Health Form具体要求，一定按学校规定在国内做留学体检并提供免疫记录;2. 大部分美国大学都有体检表格,请在学校网站上查找并下载之后带去体检;3. 拿到的健康检查证明书(小红本)和国际预防接种证书原件(小黄本)及体检中提供的各种化验、检查报告原件要一同...
答：英 [ˈmedɪk(ə)l] 美 [ˈmedɪk(ə)l]adj. 医学的，医疗的；内科的 n. 体格检查，健康检查 [ 复数 medicals ]近义词：adj. 医学的；药的；内科的 iatrical n. 医生；体格检查 doctor , hakeem 双语例句：Her medical bills mounted up.她的医疗账单...
答：Healthmate Clinic Medical Centre
答：2、Lipid panel血脂 3、CBC 血常规 (HH一种血型,RBC红细胞,lndices不明白,WBC白血球,PLT血小板)4、FSH 卵泡刺激素 5、LH 黄体化激素 6、TSH促甲状腺激素,3rd Generation （字面：第三代）7、T4 free T4甲状腺素（指数？）free:字面“游离的，自由的”上述主要参考维基百科英文网站。因我也不是学...
答：the Health Examination Centre
