第二题，是名词性从句的练习题，是组句，麻烦讲解一下
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用.如：
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
Ask him whether / if he can come.
但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别.
1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能.如：
正：Let me know whether you can come or not.
误：Let me know if you can come or not.
2.当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if.如：
正：Whether it is true or not,I can’t tell.
误：If it is true or not,I can’t tell.
3.whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能.如：
正：I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
误：I don’t know if to accept or refuse.
4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能.如：
正：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
误：I worry about if I hurt her feelings.
5.whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能.如：
正：It was uncertain whether he would come.
误：It was uncertain if he would come.
正：His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.
误：His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.
正：We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.
误：We must consider the question if we will take these measures.
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known
C. has not known D. have not known 4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late 5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected
B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected
D. What…what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If...do B. That...do
C. If...does D. That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That B. Why C. How D. Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When B. Why C. What D. That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.
A. How B. What C. Why D. This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If B. Where C. That D. What 17. ._______you come or not is up to you.
A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether 18.._______makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody 19.._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which B. That C. If D. How 20..________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
[参考答案] 1-10 CBACD DDCAA 11-20 CBDAC BDCAC
其中why he was late是explain的宾语，是一个宾语从句。因为是he was late，主语是一个人，所以应该是导游而不是游客。
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