南美洲英文简介
South America (Spanish: América del Sur or Sudamérica; Portuguese: América do Sul; Dutch: Zuid-Amerika; French: Amérique du Sud) is the southern continent of America,[2][3] situated in the Western and Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest.
America was named in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the newly discovered lands were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi), or almost 3.5% of the Earth's surface. As of 2005, its population was estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).
Agriculture and animal domestication
The prehistoric Cueva de las Manos, or Cave of Hands, in ArgentinaSouth America is thought to have been first inhabited by people crossing the Bering Land Bridge (now the Bering Strait) from the territory that is present-day Russia. Some archaeological finds do not fit this theory and have led to an alternative theory of Pre-Siberian American Aborigines. The first evidence for the existence of agricultural practices in South America dates back to about 6500 BC, when potatoes, chillies and beans began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the Amazon Basin. Pottery evidence further suggests that manioc, which remains a staple food today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC.[4]
By 2000 BC, many agrarian village communities had been settled throughout the Andes and the surrounding religious regions. Fishing became a widespread practice along the coast, helping establish fish as a primary source of food. Irrigation systems were also developed at this time, which aided in the rise of an agrarian society.[4]
South American cultures began domesticating llamas, vicuñas, guanacos, and alpacas in the highlands of the Andes circa 3500 BC. Besides their use as sources of meat and wool, these animals were used for transportation of goods.[4]
[edit] Pre-Colombian civilizations
The Inca ruins of Machu Picchu.The rise of plant growing and the subsequent appearance of permanent human settlements allowed for the multiple and overlapping beginnings of civilizations in South America.
The earliest known settlements, and culture in South America and America altogether, are the Valdivia on the Southwest coast of Ecuador.
One of the earliest known South American civilizations was at Norte Chico, on the central Peruvian coast. Though a pre-ceramic culture, the monumental architecture of Norte Chico is contemporaneous with the pyramids of Ancient Egypt. Norte Chico governing class established a trade network and developed agriculture then followed by Chavín by 900 BC, according to some estimates and archaeological finds. Artifacts were found at a site called Chavín de Huantar in modern Peru at an elevation of 3,177 meters. Chavín civilization spanned 900 BC to 300 BC.
In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the I millenum, Moche (100 BC – 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), Paracas and Nazca (400 BC – 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through irrigation and new styles of ceramic art. At the Altiplano, Tiahuanaco or Tiwanaku (100 BC – 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion. Around 7th century, both Tiahuanaco and Wari or Huari Empire (600 – 1200, Central and northern Peru) expanded its influence to all the Andean region, imposing the Huari urbanism and tiahuanaco religious iconography.
The Muisca were the main indigenous civilization in what is now modern Colombia. They established a confederation of many clans, or cacicazgos, that had a free trade network among themselves. They were goldsmiths and farmers.
Other important Pre-Columbian cultures include: ; the Cañaris (in south central Ecuador), Chimu Empire (1300–1470, Peruvian northern coast), Chachapoyas, and the Aymaran kingdoms (1000–1450, Bolivia and southern Peru).
Holding their capital at the great city of Cusco, the Inca civilization dominated the Andes region from 1438 to 1533. Known as Tawantin suyu, and "the land of the four regions," in Quechua, the Inca civilization was highly distinct and developed. Inca rule extended to nearly a hundred linguistic or ethnic communities, some 9 to 14 million people connected by a 25,000 kilometer road system. Cities were built with precise, unmatched stonework, constructed over many levels of mountain terrain. Terrace farming was a useful form of agriculture.
North American" redirects here. For other uses, see North American (disambiguation).
North America
Area 24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)
Population 528,720,588 (July 2008 est.)
Pop. density 22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi) [1]
Demonym North American, American[2]
Countries 23 (List of countries)
Dependencies see List of North American countries
Languages English, Spanish, French, and many others
Time Zones UTC-10 to UTC
Largest cities List of cities[3]
North America (Spanish: América del Norte or Norteamérica; French: Amérique du Nord) is the northern continent of the Americas,[4] situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people. It is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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"North American" redirects here. For other uses, see North American (disambiguation).
North America
Area 24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)
Population 528,720,588 (July 2008 est.)
Pop. density 22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi) [1]
Demonym North American, American[2]
Countries 23 (List of countries)
Dependencies see List of North American countries
Languages English, Spanish, French, and many others
Time Zones UTC-10 to UTC
Largest cities List of cities[3]
North America (Spanish: América del Norte or Norteamérica; French: Amérique du Nord) is the northern continent of the Americas,[4] situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people. It is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Paleohistory
2.2 Prehistory
2.3 History
3 Geography and extent
3.1 Physical geography
3.2 Human geography
4 Countries and territories
4.1 Historical toponymy
5 Communications
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit] Etymology
The Americas are generally accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann. Vespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass previously unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a world map, in which he placed the word "America" on the continent of South America, in the middle of what is today Brazil. He explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio,
ab Americo inventore ... quasi Americi terram sive Americam (from Americus the discoverer ... as if it were the land of Americus, thus America).[5]
For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its feminine form "America", following the examples of "Europa" and "Asia".
Later, when other mapmakers added North America, they extended the original name to it as well: in 1538, Gerard Mercator used the name America to all of the Western Hemisphere on his world map.[6]
Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from "Amerigo Vespucci" could be problematic.[7] Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the "Amerrique" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the Amerrique mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to those of Christopher Columbus.
Alfred E. Hudd proposed a theory in 1908 that the continents are named after a Welsh merchant named Richard Amerike from Bristol, who is believed to have financed John Cabot's voyage of discovery from England to Newfoundland in 1497. A minutely explored belief that has been advanced is that America was named for a Spanish sailor bearing the ancient Visigothic name of 'Amairick'. Another is that the name is rooted in a Native American language.[6]
[
South America is located in the southern hemisphere, east to Atlantic, west to Pacific Ocean, north to the shore of the Caribbean Sea, and south the Antarctic sea . It has a population of 32 500 million, which takes 5.6% of the world's population. Its Ethnic composition is very complex with uneven population distribution. South America is one of the continents that bear more than others frequent earthquakes and many earthquakes in the world. It is rich in natural resources and minerals, most of which remain undeveloped and unexplored.n The mining industry is the basic sector of most of the South American countries,but agriculture in the South American countries is also of great significance to the economy.
ps;搜索总结--在线翻译--修改整理--提交答案，应该不算copy。
南美洲英文简介：
South America is the abbreviation for South America, which is located in the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
It faces the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Caribbean Sea to the north.
The North and North America are bounded by the Panama Canal, and the South and Antarctica are across the Drake Strait.
South America is the fourth largest continent on land with a land area of 17.84 million square kilometers.
The Andes are almost throughout western South America and have the highest mountain in the Americas, the Aconcagua Mountains.
The eastern part of the Andes is the vast Amazonian basin, covering more than 7 million square kilometers, most of which are tropical rainforests.
Brazil is the largest and most powerful country in South America.
翻译：
南美洲（South America）是南亚美利加洲的简称，位于西半球、南半球。东临大西洋，西临太平洋，北临加勒比海。北部和北美洲以巴拿马运河为界，南部和南极洲隔德雷克海峡相望。
南美洲是陆地面积第四大的大洲，陆地面积1784万平方千米。安第斯山脉几乎纵贯整个南美洲西部，拥有美洲最高的山峰——阿空加瓜山。安第斯山脉东部就是面积广大的亚马孙河盆地，占地超过700万平方千米，大部分地区都是热带雨林。
巴西是南美洲面积最大也是实力最强的国家。
扩展资料：
1822年7月下旬，南美独立战争的两雄玻利瓦尔和圣马丁终于在瓜亚基尔港会面了。圣马丁隐退，完成全部解放秘鲁的任务落到玻利瓦尔肩上。1823年9月，玻利瓦尔率领的委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚军6000人进入秘鲁境内。
他们同阿根廷和智利军4000人联合起来，于1824年8月6日在胡宁平原一举击溃敌人。同年12月9日，在阿亚库巧展开了“一次最终保证了西属南美洲独立的会战”。玻利瓦尔的战友苏克雷以少胜多，1825年秘鲁获得解放。为了纪念玻利瓦尔，改名玻利维亚。
1815年后，墨西哥的局势保持了相对的平静，但人数不等的游击队一直活跃在各地，“土地和自由”的口号仍然在人们的心中。1820年西班牙发生革命，墨西哥政局出现了生机。掌握兵权的伊都德将军乘机出来活动，提出“宗教、联合和独立”的口号，在1821年宣布了墨西哥的独立。
在墨西哥的革命影响下，中美洲其他一些地区纷纷宣布独立，并在1823年成立“中美联合省”。1822年，巴西脱离葡萄牙而独立。
1826年1月23日，西班牙国旗在秘鲁的卡亚俄港黯然下降。300多年的黑暗统治结束了，西属美洲大陆殖民地取得独立，在历史上揭开了新的一页。
参考资料来源：百度百科-南美洲
South Asia, South America is referred to as american Chau is located in the western hemisphere, the east is the Atlantic Ocean, bounded by land to the Panama Canal and North America, with points, the south across the sea and Antarctica. South America, the total area of 17,970,000 square kilometers (including nearby islands), the world's total land area of 12%. About 325 million population of the world's total population of 5.6%.
South America there are 12 independent state.
In addition, French Guiana and the Malvinas Islands (United Kingdom and Argentina in the dispute, the United Kingdom Falkland Islands that are actually controlled by the British).
A coastline of 28,700 kilometers of South America. Coast is more flat and less and the Gulf Islands.
The topography of the South American continent can be divided into three north-south direction of the tandem zones: the western strip of the Andes, the eastern part of the ups and downs for the wavy plateau, the central level for the vast lowland plains. Andes 9000 kilometers long, is the world's longest mountain range, mountain Aconcagua Stubbs 6960 meters sea cucumber is the highest peak in South America; the eastern highlands of Brazil, Guyana and Patagonia Plateau, of which the plateau area of Brazil five million square km, is the world's largest plateau; the central plains to the Orinoco, the Amazon and La Plata Plain Plain, is the world's largest alluvial plain.
Most parts of South America is a tropical rain forest and tropical highland climate, warm and humid.
Water to the Andes in South America as a watershed: Most of the source of the river west of urgent short-flow, flow into the Pacific Ocean alone; the east of the river most of a long history and numerous tributaries, water-rich, broad valley, a tributary of the Amazon more than 1000 km There are more than 20 so
.South America 所以说它的简介可以用SA来表示
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