谁能提供贝多芬生平的英文信息?
贝多芬生平简介
贝多芬LUDWIG VON BEETHOVERR (1770-1827)是十八世纪后年叶以来世界最著名的德国音乐家。1770年生于德国
莱茵河畔的波恩城。他的祖父原是荷兰籍，移居德国后，曾任当地宫廷乐长。父亲是个男高
音歌手，母亲是宫廷御厨的女儿。父亲从小就逼迫他学琴。他13岁任宫廷乐队大键琴手，
14岁任宫廷管风琴师,18岁任歌剧乐队中提琴手。1792年，海顿见到他，获准成为起学生。
1795年首次在维也纳以作曲家及钢琴家身份登台。1798-1800年除教授钢琴外，埋头作曲。
1800年4月举行作品音乐会，确立了作曲家的地位.此时，听力逐渐衰退，因耳聋的恐惧和
失恋，1802年欲自杀，后终于克服危机，振奋精神，继续作曲。
贝多芬音乐的创作风格，大致经历了三个阶段：（1）早期（波恩时期：1782-1792）其作品可以看到巴赫、海顿和莫扎特的影响。并为以后的创作积累了大量的素材。（2）中期（维也纳时期：1793-1808）此时创作的奏鸣曲和管弦乐曲，大大加强了作品的戏剧性，充分发展和完善了古典奏鸣曲式的结构和功能，显示出贝多芬的创作已完全成熟，并具独特的个性。（3）晚期（维也纳后期：1809-1827）音乐风格有明显的转变。作品规模缩小，主题带有歌唱性，增强了抒情性。呈现出浪漫主义的音乐风格。
贝多芬是人类艺术上最伟大的创造者之一。他一方面有着卓越的音乐天斌、炽热的叛逆气质和巨人般的坚强性格；另一方面他那百折不挠的意志和对社会的责任感而产生的崇高思想，形成他作为一个音乐家的特殊品质。他通过自己的创作，特别在他的九部交响曲中，反映了那个时代伟大的人民运动和最进步的思想。他以时代和个人的命运为题，通过深刻的哲理和感人的艺术形象相结合，写出了一系列交响乐作品，表现了从斗争到胜利、从黑暗到光明、从苦难到快乐的资产阶级上升时期的精神历程，他的九首交响曲像珍珠一样永远闪闪发光。
通过对贝多芬九首交响曲的研究和分析，特别是其中四首(即第三、五、六、九首)标题性交响曲的剖析，我们不仅可以了解贝多芬全部创作的基本面貌和他那伟大而纯真的思想，而且可以了解到交响乐创作上的重大革新，可以看到交响乐是如何从海顿、莫扎特时代过渡到以舒柏特、门德尔逊为代表的新发展时期。早在贝多芬在世时他就已被公认是具有世界意义的音乐家，他既是伟大的古典作曲家，又以浪漫派的先驱而载入史册。
贝多芬代表作品有《悲怆》奏鸣曲、《月光》奏鸣曲、《命运交响曲》（即第五交响曲）、《合唱交响曲》（即第九交响曲）等。
贝多芬的主要作品有：交响曲9首，序曲3首，钢琴协奏曲5首，小提琴协奏曲1首，弦乐四重奏19首，弦乐五重奏4首，钢琴三重奏8首，小提琴奏鸣曲10首，大提琴奏鸣曲4首，钢琴奏鸣曲32首，钢琴变奏曲20首， 钢琴小品24首，进行曲3首。此外，还有歌剧、清唱剧、康塔塔、弥撒曲、歌曲等
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, to Johann van Beethoven (1740-1792), of Flemish origins, and Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven (1744-1787).
Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, who worked as a musician in the Electoral court at Bonn, but was also an alcoholic who beat him and unsuccessfully attempted to exhibit him as a child prodigy. However, Beethoven's talent was soon noticed by others. He was given instruction and employment by Christian Gottlob Neefe, as well as financial sponsorship by the Prince-Elector. Beethoven's mother died when he was 17, and for several years he was responsible for raising his two younger brothers.
Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792, where he studied with Joseph Haydn and other teachers. He quickly established a reputation as a piano virtuoso, and more slowly as a composer. He settled into the career pattern he would follow for the remainder of his life: rather than working for the church or a noble court (as most composers before him had done), he was a freelancer, supporting himself with public performances, sales of his works, and stipends from noblemen who recognized his ability.
Beethoven's career as a composer is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Late periods.
In the Early period, he is seen as emulating his great predecessors Haydn and Mozart, at the same time exploring new directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of his work. Some important pieces from the Early period are the first and second symphonies, the first six string quartets, the first two piano concertos, and about a dozen piano sonatas, including the famous "Pathétique".
The Middle period began shortly after Beethoven's personal crisis centering around his realisation that he was losing his hearing, and is noted for large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle; these include many of the most famous works of classical music. The Middle period works include six symphonies (Nos. 3 - 8), the last three piano concertos and his only violin concerto, six string quartets (Nos. 7 - 11), many piano sonatas (including the "Moonlight", "Waldstein", and "Appassionata"), and Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio.
Beethoven's Late period began around 1816 and lasted until Beethoven ceased to compose in 1826. The late works are greatly admired for their intellectual depth and their intense, highly personal expression. They include the Ninth Symphony (the "Choral"), the Missa Solemnis, the last six string quartets and the last five piano sonatas.
Beethoven's personal life was troubled. Around age 28 he started to become deaf, a calamity which led him for some time to contemplate suicide. He was attracted to unattainable (married or aristocratic) women, whom he idealized; he never married. A period of low productivity from about 1812 to 1816 is thought by some scholars to have been the result of depression, resulting from Beethoven's realization that he would never marry. Beethoven quarreled, often bitterly, with his relatives and others, and frequently behaved badly to other people. He moved often from dwelling to dwelling, and had strange personal habits such as wearing filthy clothing while washing compulsively. He often had financial troubles, but such had been the life of most professional composers since his time.
It is common for listeners to perceive an echo of Beethoven's life in his music, which often depicts struggle followed by triumph. This description is often applied to Beethoven's creation of masterpieces in the face of his severe personal difficulties.
Beethoven was often in poor health, and in 1826 his health took a drastic turn for the worse. His death in the following year is usually attributed to liver disease.
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized December 17, 1770 – March 26, 1827) was a German composer of classical music, who lived predominantly in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history's supreme composers, and he produced notable works even after losing his hearing. He was one of the greatest figures in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in music. His reputation has inspired — and in many cases intimidated — composers, musicians, and audiences who were to come after him.
Among his most widely-recognized works are his Third, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth symphonies (the latter containing the "Ode to Joy"); Piano Concerto No. 5 ("Emperor"); a Violin Concerto; the Pathétique, Moonlight, Appassionata, and Hammerklavier piano sonatas; and the bagatelle Für Elise .
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ludwig van Beethoven (IPA: [English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪt.həʊvən; German ˈluːtvɪç fan ˈbeːt.hoːfn], baptized December 17, 1770 – March 26, 1827) was a German composer and virtuoso pianist. He was an important figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most famous and influential musicians of all time.
Beethoven suffered from gradual hearing loss beginning in his twenties. He nonetheless continued to compose his masterpieces, and to conduct and perform, even after he was completely deaf.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Biography
o 1.1 Early life
o 1.2 Early talent
o 1.3 Loss of hearing
o 1.4 Illness and death
* 2 Character
o 2.1 Romantic difficulties
o 2.2 Custody struggle
o 2.3 Beliefs and their musical influence
* 3 Music
o 3.1 Overview
o 3.2 The three periods
* 4 Media
o 4.1 Piano solo
o 4.2 Orchestral
o 4.3 Chamber
o 4.4 Other
* 5 Cinematic Depictions
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 Further reading
* 9 External links
o 9.1 General reference
+ 9.1.1 Specific topics
o 9.2 Lists of works
o 9.3 Recordings
Biography
Further information: Life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven
Early life
Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770, to Johan van Beethoven (1740–1792), one of a line of musicians hailing from Flanders (hence his Dutch surname), and Maria Magdalena Keverich (1744–1787), whose father had been overseer of the kitchen at Ehrenbreitstein.[1][2] Beethoven was one of seven children born to them, of whom only Beethoven and two younger brothers would survive infancy. Beethoven was baptized on December 17, 1770. Although his birth date is not known for certain, his family celebrated his birthday on December 16.
Early talent
A portrait of the thirteen-year-old Beethoven by an unknown Bonn master
A portrait of the thirteen-year-old Beethoven by an unknown Bonn master
Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, a tenor in the service of the Electoral court at Bonn, who was reportedly a harsh instructor. Johann later engaged a friend, Tobias Pfeiffer, to preside over his son's training, and it is said Johann and his friend would at times come home late from a night of drinking to pull young Ludwig out of bed to practice until morning. Beethoven's talent was recognized at a very early age, and by 1778 he was studying the organ and viola in addition to the piano. His most important teacher in Bonn was Christian Gottlob Neefe[3], who was the Court's Organist. Neefe helped Beethoven publish his first work: a set of keyboard variations. In 1787, the young Beethoven traveled to Vienna for the first time, where he played for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart[4], who said that Beethoven would soon astonish the world. After his mother was diagnosed with tuberculosis, Beethoven was forced to return home. Beethoven's mother died on July 17, 1787, when Beethoven was 16.[5] Due to his father's worsening alcohol addiction, Beethoven was responsible for raising his two younger brothers.
In 1792, Beethoven moved to Vienna , where he studied for a time with Joseph Haydn, though he had wanted to study with Mozart, who had died the previous year. Beethoven received additional instruction from Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (Vienna's pre-eminent counterpoint instructor) and Antonio Salieri. By 1793, Beethoven established a reputation in Vienna as a piano virtuoso.[6] His first works with opus numbers, a set of three piano trios, appeared in 1795. He settled into the career pattern he would follow for the remainder of his life: rather than working for the church or a noble court (as most composers before him had done), he supported himself through a combination of annual stipends or single gifts from members of the aristocracy; income from subscription concerts, concerts, and lessons; and proceeds from sales of his works.
Beethoven’s patrons loved his music but were not quick to support him. He eventually came to rely more on patrons such as Count Franz Joseph Kinsky, (d. 1811), Prince Joseph Franz Maximilian Lobkowicz (1772-1816) and Karl Alois Johann-Nepomuk Vinzenz, Fürst Lichnowsky, and as these patrons passed away or reneged on their pledges, Beethoven fell into debt. In 1807, Prince Lobkowitz advised Beethoven to apply for the position of composer of the Imperial Theatres, and the nobility who had newly been placed in charge of the post did not respond. At that time Beethoven considered leaving Vienna. In the fall of 1808, he was offered a position as chapel maestro at the court of Jerome Bonaparte, the king of Westphalia, which he accepted. In order to stop him from leaving Vienna, the Archduke Rudolf, Count Kinsky and Prince Lobkowitz, upon interventions from the composer’s friends, pledged to pay Beethoven a pension of 4000 florins a year. But the pension was not properly respected, and only Archduke Rudolf paid his share at the established date. Kinsky was immediately called to duty as an officer, did not contribute and soon died falling from his horse. Lobkowitz stopped paying in September 1811. Successors of the nobility did not continue the patronage, and Beethoven relied mostly on selling composition rights and a smaller pension after 1815.
Loss of hearing
Around 1796, Beethoven began to lose his hearing.[7] He suffered a severe form of tinnitus, a "ringing" in his ears that made it hard for him to perceive and appreciate music; he would also avoid conversation. He left Vienna for a time for the small Austrian town of Heiligenstadt, where he wrote his Heiligenstadt Testament. He resolved to continue living for and through his art. Over time, his hearing loss became profound: there is a well-attested story that, at the end of the premiere of his Ninth Symphony, he had to be turned around to see the tumultuous applause of the audience; hearing nothing, he began to weep.[citation needed] Beethoven's hearing loss did not affect his ability to compose music, but it made concerts — lucrative sources of income — increasingly difficult.
As an interesting side note, he used a special rod attached to the soundboard on a piano that he could bite, the vibrations would then transfer from the piano to his jaw to increase his perception of sound. A large collection of his hearing aids such as special ear horns can be viewed at the Beethoven House Museum in Bonn, Germany. By 1814 Beethoven was totally deaf, and when visitors saw him play a loud arpeggio or thundering bass notes at his piano remarking, "Ist es nicht schön?" (Isn't that beautiful?), they felt deep sympathy, and saw his courage and sense of humor.[8]
As a result of Beethoven's hearing loss, a unique historical record has been preserved: he kept conversation books (his friends would write in the book so that he could know what they were saying, and he would respond either verbally or in the book) discussing music and other issues, and giving an insight into his thoughts. Even today, the conversation books form the basis for investigation into how he felt his music should be performed and his relationship to art. Some of the books, however, were altered or destroyed by Anton Schindler.[citation needed]
Ludwig van Beethoven: detail of an 1804 portrait by W.J. Mähler
Ludwig van Beethoven: detail of an 1804 portrait by W.J. Mähler
Illness and death
After Beethoven lost custody of his nephew, he went into a decline that led to his death on March 26, 1827 during a thunderstorm. [9]
A Viennese pathologist and forensic expert Christian Reiter (head of the Department of Forensic Medicine at Vienna Medical University) claimed that Beethoven's physician, Andreas Wawruch, inadvertently hastened Beethoven's death. According to Reiter, Warwuch worsened Beethoven's already lead poisoned condition with lead poultices applied after surgical drainings of his bloated abdomen. Various theories attempt to explain how Beethoven's lead poisoning first developed, and he was very sick years before his death in 1827 at the age of 56.[10]
Character
Beethoven frequently treated other people badly, and may have suffered from bipolar disorder, and/or irritability brought on by chronic abdominal pain beginning in his 20s, which has been attributed to his lead poisoning.[citation needed] Nonetheless, he had a close and devoted circle of friends all his life, all of whom are thought to have been attracted by his reputed strength of personality. Towards the end of his life, Beethoven's friends competed in their efforts to help him cope with his incapacities,[11] and after his death destroyed many of the conversation books to protect his reputation.
Sources show he indulged a disdain for authority, and for those who outranked him socially. He stopped performing at the piano if the audience chatted among themselves, or failed to give him their full attention. At soirées, he refused to perform if suddenly called upon to do so. Eventually, after many confrontations, the Archduke Rudolph decreed that the usual rules of court etiquette did not apply to Beethoven.[12]
Romantic difficulties
Beethoven's personal life was troubled. His encroaching deafness led him to contemplate suicide (documented in his Heiligenstadt Testament). He was attracted to "unattainable" women (married or aristocratic), and he never married, though he was engaged to Giulietta Guicciardi. Her father was the main obstacle to their marriage. Giulietta's marriage to a nobleman was unhappy, and when it ended in 1822, she attempted unsuccessfully to return to Beethoven. His only other documented love affair with an identified woman began in 1805 with Josephine von Brunswick, young widow of the Graf von Deym. It is believed the relationship ended by 1807 due both to his own indecisiveness and the disapproval of Josephine's aristocratic family.[13]
In 1812, Beethoven wrote a long love letter to a woman he identified only as "Immortal Beloved". Several candidates have been suggested, but the identity of the woman to whom the letter was written has never been proven. (The 1994 film Immortal Beloved was based on this.)
Beethoven quarreled, often bitterly, with his relatives and others (including a painful and public custody battle over his nephew Karl).
Custody struggle
On 15 November 1815 Beethoven's brother Karl Van Beethoven died of tuberculosis leaving a son Karl who is known as Beethoven's nephew. Although Beethoven had shown little interest in the boy up to this point he now became totally obsessed with the possession of this nine year old child. The fight for possession of his nephew brought out the very worst aspects of Beethoven's character and in the following lengthy court cases Beethoven stopped at nothing to ensure that he achieved this goal. For long periods Beethoven stopped composing.
At that period the Austrian court system had a court for nobility, The Landsrechte, and another, The Magistracy, for the commoners. Beethoven deliberately disguised the fact that the Dutch "Van" in his name did not denote nobility as does the Germanic "Von." Thus, he was able to ensure his case was tried in the Landsrechte, and due to his influence with the court, he was ensured a favourable outcome. Beethoven was awarded sole guardianship. Karl's mother, Johanna, a commoner and widow with little money, was not only refused access to her son, except under exceptional circumstances, but Beethoven insisted that she pay for her son's education out of her inadequate pension. While giving evidence to the Landsrechte, Beethoven inadvertently admitted that he was not nobly born, and the case was transferred to the Magistracy, where he lost sole guardianship.
Beethoven fought on by appeal, and regained custody of Karl. Not even an appeal for justice and human rights to the Emperor, who, like Pontius Pilate, "washed his hands of the matter", could reunite mother and son. Both suffered not only years of separation, but damage to their reputations. Beethoven stopped at nothing to blacken both their characters, as can be read in surviving court papers. Eventually Beethoven's nephew could stand his tyrannical uncle no longer, and on 31 July 1826 attempted suicide by shooting himself in the head. He survived, and later asked to be taken to his mother's house. This desperate action finally freed Karl from the bonds of Beethoven.
Beethoven in 1823; copy of a destroyed portrait by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller
Beethoven in 1823; copy of a destroyed portrait by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller
Beliefs and their musical influence
Beethoven was attracted to the ideals of the Enlightenment and by the growing Romanticism in Europe. He initially dedicated his third symphony, the Eroica (Italian for "heroic"), to Napoleon in the belief that the general would sustain the democratic and republican ideals of the French Revolution. But in 1804, when Napoleon's imperial ambitions became clear, Beethoven took hold of the title-page and scratched the name Bonaparte out so violently that he created a hole in the paper. He later changed the title to "Sinfonia Eroica, composta per festeggiare il sovvenire di un grand Uomo" ("Heroic Symphony, composed to celebrate the memory of a great man"). The fourth movement of his Ninth Symphony features an elaborate choral setting of Schiller's Ode An die Freude ("Ode to Joy"), an optimistic hymn championing the brotherhood of humanity. Since 1972, an orchestral version of the fourth movement has been the official anthem of the European Union.
Scholars disagree on Beethoven's religious beliefs and the role they played in his work. For discussion, see Ludwig van Beethoven's religious beliefs. It has been asserted, but not proven, that Beethoven was a Freemason.[14]
Like Handel had, Beethoven worked freelance — arranging subscription concerts, selling his compositions to publishers, and gaining financial support from a number of wealthy patrons — rather than seek out permanent employment by the church or by an aristocratic court.
Music
Further information: Beethoven's musical style and innovations, Beethoven and C minor, and List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
Beethoven is acknowledged as one of the giants of Western classical music; occasionally he is referred to as one of the "three Bs" (along with Bach and Brahms) who epitomize that tradition. He was also a pivotal figure in the transition from 18th Century musical classicism to 19th Century romanticism, and his influence on subsequent generations of composers was profound.[15]
Overview
Beethoven is regarded as one of the greatest masters of musical construction, sometimes sketching the architecture of a movement before he had decided upon the subject matter. He was one of the first composers to systematically and consistently use interlocking thematic devices, or "germ-motives," to achieve inter-movement unity in long compositions. Equally remarkable was his use of "source-motives," which recurred in many different compositions and lent some unity to his life's work. He made innovations in almost every form of music he touched. For example, he diversified even the well-crystallized form of the rondo, making it more elastic and spacious, which brought it closer to sonata form.
Beethoven composed in a great variety of genres, including symphonies, concerti, piano sonatas, other sonatas (including for violin), string quartets and other chamber music, masses, an opera, lieder, and various other genres. He is viewed as one of the most important transitional figures between the Classical and Romantic eras of musical history.
As far as musical form is concerned, Beethoven worked from the principles of sonata form and motivic development that he had inherited from Haydn and Mozart, but greatly extended them, writing longer and more ambitious movements.
The three periods
Beethoven's compositional career is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Late periods.[16] His early period was from 1770-1802, the middle period was from 1803-1814, and the late period was from 1815 up to 1827. [17]
In the Early period, he is seen as emulating his great predecessors Haydn and Mozart, while concurrently exploring new directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of his work. Some important pieces from the Early period are the first and second symphonies, the first six string quartets, the first three piano concertos, and the first twenty piano sonatas, including the famous "Pathétique" and "Moonlight" sonatas.
The Middle period began shortly after Beethoven's personal crisis centering around his encroaching deafness. The period is noted for large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle, many of which have become very famous. Middle-period works include six symphonies (Nos. 3–8), the fourth and fifth piano concertos, the triple concerto and violin concerto, five string quartets (Nos. 7–11), the next seven piano sonatas (including the "Waldstein" and the "Appassionata"), and Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio.
Beethoven's Late period began around 1815. The Late-period works are characterized by intellectual depth; intense, highly personal expression; and formal innovation (for example, the String Quartet, Op. 131 has seven linked movements, and the Ninth Symphony adds choral forces to the orchestra in the last movement).[18] Works of this period also include the "Missa Solemnis", the last five string quartets (including the massive "Grosse Fuge") and the last five piano sonatas, of which the "Große Sonate fur das Hammerklavier" is the most well known.
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized December 17, 1770 – March 26, 1827) was a German composer of classical music, who lived predominantly in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history's supreme composers, and he produced notable works even after losing his hearing. He was one of the greatest figures in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in music. His reputation has inspired — and in many cases intimidated — composers, musicians, and audiences who were to come after him.
Among his most widely-recognized works are his Third, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth symphonies (the latter containing the "Ode to Joy"); Piano Concerto No. 5 ("Emperor"); a Violin Concerto; the Pathétique, Moonlight, Appassionata, and Hammerklavier piano sonatas; and the bagatelle Für Elise .
答：贝多芬生平介绍 "竭力为善,爱自由甚于一切,即使为了王位,也不要忘记真理。" —— 贝多芬(1792年手记) 路德维希·凡·贝多芬 (1770-1827) 伟大的德国作曲家、维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一,对世界音乐的发展有着举足轻重的作用,被尊称为 “乐圣”。 贝多芬1770年12月16日生于莱茵河畔距法国不远的小城—波恩。他出生...
答：22岁开始终生定居于维也纳，创作于1803年至1804年间的《第三交响曲》标志着其创作进入成熟阶段。此后20余年间，他数量众多的音乐作品通过强烈的艺术感染力和宏伟气魄，将古典主义音乐推向高峰，并预示了19世纪浪漫主义音乐的到来。1827年3月26日，贝多芬于维也纳去世，享年57岁。贝多芬一生创作题材广泛，重要...
答：很早就显露了音乐才能，八岁开始登台演出。1792年到维也纳深造，艺术上进步飞快。贝多芬信仰共和，崇尚英雄，创作了有大量充满时代气息的优秀作品，如：交响曲《英雄》、《命运》；序曲《哀格蒙特》；钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》、《月光曲》、《暴风雨》、《热情》等等。一生坎坷，没有建立家庭。二十六岁时开始...
答：作为音乐大师，贝多芬对艺术歌曲同样予以相当程度的关注，他是德国艺术歌曲创造的先驱，毕生作有钢琴伴奏的艺术歌曲六十多首，他的艺术歌曲以极其丰富的表现手法和形式来展现，表达属于全人类的情感。在艺术歌曲的领域里取得了非凡成就。二、生平经历：贝多芬于1770年12月16日出生于德国波恩的一个贫穷的家庭。
答：贝多芬在维也纳的后一阶段，由于欧洲正经历着严重的政治反动时期，即梅特涅的反动统治特别的猖獗的时期。1813－1817年贝多芬的创作也暂时呈现颓势；1818一1827年贝多芬在耳朵失聪、健康情况恶化， 精神上受到折磨的情况下，仍以巨人般的毅力创作了《第九交响曲》，总结了他光辉的、史诗般的一生并展现了人类的...
答：你这一生可以说是什么作品也没听过。” 2、《F大调第六交响曲》(田园)(op.68) 贝多芬的《第六交响曲》作于1807--1808年,1808年12月22日与《第五交响曲》同时首演于维也纳,1809年出版。标题 性交响曲是贝多芬创作的特点,他的第三、第五交响曲都是标题性的,而最突出的是《第六交响曲》(田园)。贝多芬为每 ...
答：贝多芬信仰共和,崇尚英雄,创作了有大量充满时代气息的优秀作品,如:交响曲《英雄》、《命运》;序曲《哀格蒙特》;钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》、《月光》、《暴风雨》、《热情》等等。一生坎坷,没有建立家庭。二十六岁时开始耳聋,晚年全聋,只能通过谈话册与人交谈。但孤寂的生活并没有使他沉默和隐退,在一切进步思想都遭禁止...
答：除交响曲之外，在贝多芬的创作中钢琴作品也占重要地位。可以说，他一生都在写钢琴作品。最重要的是五部钢琴协奏曲和五首钢琴奏鸣曲（悲怆、月光、暴风雨、黎明、热情）。钢琴奏鸣曲和他的交响曲相近，有深刻的思想、丰富的内容、形式宽广，而且还加强了奏鸣曲式结构内部的对比因素，扩大了展开部的矛盾冲突...
答：·贝多芬生平简介·贝多芬,LUDWIG VON BEETHOVERR (1770.12.16-1827.3.26).德国作曲家.父亲从小就逼迫他学琴.他13岁任宫廷乐队大键琴手,14岁任宫廷管风琴师,18岁任歌剧乐队中提琴手.1792年,海顿见到他,获准成为起学生.1795年首次在维也纳以作曲家及钢琴家身份登台.1798-1800年除教授钢琴外.埋头...
答：贝多芬英文简介 创作生涯 陵墓地址 主要作品: 贝多芬的反叛精神和崇尚自由的性格 事例 贝多芬的其他故事 路德维希·凡·贝多芬 Ludwig van Beethoven[编辑本段]贝多芬生平简介 公元1770年12月16日～公元1827年3月26日 路德维希·凡·贝多芬(Ludwig Van Beethoven)是全世界最伟大的作曲家之一,享有“伟大的乐圣”之称。
