英语作文 在中国的餐桌礼仪
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Generally, Chinese table manners are more informal than the West, although there are more rules concerning interactions with other guests due to high levels of social interaction as a result of the communal style of serving.
Chopstick usage
Chopsticks should always be held correctly, i.e. between the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand.
When not in use, chopsticks must always be placed neatly on the table with two sticks lying tidily next to each other at both ends. Never point the chopsticks at another person. This amounts to insulting that person and is a major faux pas.
Never wave your chopsticks around as if they were an extension of your hand gestures.
Never bang chopsticks like drumsticks. This is akin to telling others at the table you are a beggar.
Never suck the chopsticks.
Decide what to pick up before reaching with chopsticks, instead of hovering them over or rummaging through dishes.
To keep chopsticks off the table, they can be rested horizontally on one's plate or bowl; a chopstick rest (commonly found in restaurants) can also be used.
When picking up a piece of food, never use the tips of your chopsticks to penetrate the food as with a fork; exceptions include tearing apart larger items such as vegetables. In more informal settings, smaller items or those more difficult to pick up such as cherry tomatoes or fishballs may be stabbed, but this is frowned upon by traditionalists.
Never stab chopsticks vertically into a bowl of rice, as this resembles incense sticks used at temples to pay respects to the deceased. This is considered the ultimate dinner table faux pas.
Communal chopsticks
When there are communal chopsticks, it is considered impolite to use your own chopsticks to pick up the food from the shared plate, or to eat using the communal chopsticks.
It is considered impolite to use the blunt end of one's own chopsticks to transfer food from a common dish to one's own plate or bowl; use the communal chopsticks instead.
When communal chopsticks are not provided, it is considered polite (and sanitary) to use the blunt end of one's own chopsticks to serve a guest by transferring food from the common dish to a guest's plate or bowl.
An exception to the above can usually be made in intimate settings such as at home.
Other utensils
If noodle soup is served, many consider a more elegant way to eat by picking the noodle into a serving spoon first, and eating from the spoon, rather than slurping directly from the bowl into the mouth using chopsticks.
Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand, however by no means is this good etiquette. It is believed this is the way most people eat but not at all an indication of how it should be done. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl.
Eating from common dishes
Pick the food on the dish that is at the top and nearest to you in distance. Never rummage through the dish or pick from the far side for your favorite food.
In general, more conservative Chinese frown upon the practice of picking more than one or two bites of food in your bowl or serving plate as if you were eating in the Western way. Most Chinese would understand the practice during infectious disease epidemics, or if the person is from the West.
If both a serving bowl - separate from rice bowl - and plate are provided, never put any food items to be eaten onto the serving plate. This rule may be relaxed for foreigners.
If a dish is soupy, pull the serving bowl near the serving dish and reduce the distance the chopsticks need carrying the food. Spilling plenty of sauce on the table is a major faux pas.
After you have picked up a food item, do not put it back in the dish.
Seniority and guests at the table
The elderly or guest(s) of honour are usually the first to start the meal.
The youngest or least senior may serve the eldest or most senior first, as part of the Confucian value of respecting seniors.
The youngest on the table addresses all of the elder members at the table before starting, perhaps telling them to please "eat rice" as a signal to help themselves.
The best food in a dish should be left to the elderly, children, or the guest of honour, even if they are one's favourite.
The eldest person present, or the guest of honour, is given a seat facing the door.
When the hostess says her food is not good enough, the guest must disagree and tell her it is one of the finest foods they have ever tasted.
Drinks
The host should always make sure everyone's cups are not empty for long. One should not pour for oneself, but if thirsty should first offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you", and/or tap your index and middle finger on the table to show appreciation, especially when you are in Southern China, e.g. Guangdong Province. This action is evocative of bowing your head.
When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the rim of their glass below the rim of an elder's to show respect.
Strong alcohol, called baijiu, is often served throughout the meal; and it is customary for the host[s]/hostess[es] to insist that guests drink to "show friendship." If the guests prefers not to drink, they may say, "I'm unable to drink, but thank you." [in Mandarin: "Wo bu neng he jiu, xie xie."] The host may continue to insist that the guests drink, and the guests may likewise continue to insist upon being "unable" to drink. The host's insistance is to show generosity. Therefore, refusal by the guests should be made with utmost politeness. Beware: If a guest drinks alcohol with a subordinate at the table, the guest will be expected [if not forced] to drink a glass of the same alcohol with each superior at that table, and possibly at other tables too—if the guest has not passed out yet.
Smoking
Smoking is an extremely prevalent habit in China, especially among men. During meals, the host will sometimes pass out cigarettes to all the men around the table. If a guest prefers not to smoke, she/he should politely refuse. In Mandarin, one could say, "我不抽烟，谢谢" (Wo bu chou yan, xie xie).
Business meals
During business meals, it is best not to eat to the point of satiation, as business and not food is the actual main purpose of the gathering.
Miscellaneous
In the past, some people tended to sit at least 1 metre (3 chi) from the dining table so they would not be literally rubbing elbows with other guests. Nowadays, this practice is rarely observed.
When eating food that contains bones, it is common for the bones be spat out onto the table next to one's plate. Spitting bones onto the floor is almost never acceptable.
Belching, smacking, and slurping are common.
By Western standards, the conversations during meals often are quite loud and animated.
Treatment of staff at restaurants is somewhat "rough," with waiters/waitresses often being advised by patrons to 快点 (kuai dian), which means "hurry up."
Talking with a full mouth and eating with the elbows on the table are both very common, and tasting food from a table guest's plate is also not uncommon.
Chinese table manners of families have no intrinsic quality even there are different region and position. No matter three meals a day or guest’s arrival, always bowls with chopsticks, food with soup. There is no rule for how to put the tableware. What people care about more are not the gorgeous tableware but the sumptuous food. People’s dining position reflects the most obvious etiquette of Chinese table manners. In ancient society, men are supreme, and women are not allowed to sit with men on the same table. Although this is modern society, this kind of ancient etiquette still remains. Today in China, the phenomenon that men sit on the table before women can be found everywhere. The master of a family usually sits on the first-class seat. The first-class seat is usually near the interior of a room facing to the door. Once there is a guest, the master will offer the first-class seat to the guest politely. If it is an ordinary meal of family, families should start after the elder. If there is a guest, the master offer the food to the guest is essential from the beginning to the end. And the tradition of urging others to drink is also a special phenomenon.
中国就餐举止 家庭中国就餐举止没有内在质量甚而那里是另外区域并且安置。 问题三饭食每天或客人的到来，总不滚保龄球与筷子，食物用汤。 没有规则为了怎样能投入碗筷。 什么人关心关于更多是没有华美的碗筷，而是奢侈食物。 人的用餐的位置反射中国就餐举止最明显的礼节。 在古老社会，人是至尊，并且妇女不允许坐与人在同一张桌。 虽然这是现代社会，这种古老礼节仍然依然存在。 今天在中国，人坐桌的现象，在妇女可以找到到处之前。 家庭的大师通常坐头等位子。 头等位子通常在面对对门的屋子的内部附近。 一旦有客人，大师为客人将礼貌地提供头等位子。 如果它是家庭一顿普通的膳食，家庭应该在长辈以后开始。 如果有客人，主要提议食物对客人对末端从开始是根本的。 并且敦促其他的传统喝也是一种特别现象。
Table manners in Chinese life and order in the full possession of a very important position, they believe, eating is not only way to meet their basic physiological needs method -- is also of paramount importance social experience. To this end, grasp the knowledge of the rules in some Chinese restaurants have become particularly important, whether you are a master, or merely a guest, must have some rules.
餐桌礼仪在中国人的完整生活秩序中占有一个非常重要的地位，他们认为，用餐不单是满足基本生理需要的方法———也是头等重要的社交经验。为此，掌握某些中式餐饮规则的知识便显得特别重要了，无论你是主人，抑或只是一位客人，都必须掌握一些规则。
The round table is popular. Because they can sit more people, and we can sit face to face, the head of the family identity and not long shaped the West on the table very clearly through his seat and identification. Guests should be invited to sit down and wait for the owner. The owner must be careful not to call the guests sitting in a seat near the table. This is a taboo.Will have to wait until all the people here can only be the beginning of any form of dining activities -- even if they have to wait for being late. Once you master home place, can do the prologue. During the meal, the owner must assume a proactive role -- urging guests enjoy eating and drinking is entirely reasonable.
●圆形餐桌颇受欢迎。因为可以坐更多人，而且大家可以面对面坐，一家之主的身份并不像西方长形餐桌上很清楚地通过他的座位而辨认。客人应该等候主人邀请才可坐下。主人必须注意不可叫客人坐在*近上菜的座位。此为一大忌。必须等到所有人到齐才可以开始任何形式的进餐活动———即使有人迟到也要等。一旦大家就位，主人家便可以做开场白了。进餐期间，主人必须承担一个主动积极的角色———敦促客人尽情吃喝是完全合理的。
In a typical Chinese-style table looks quite empty, in the eyes of Westerners, especially. Each seat can be seen on the front wheel on a bowl; right is a set of chopsticks and spoons, were placed in their own seat. In formal occasions, there will be napkins, mainly on the lap. In a formal banquet, the dishes of eating like a slide show, each time a dish. Surprisingly, rice, not with the dishes ibid, but you can choose to eat the same. As the dishes have their special characteristics, it should be for individual taste, but once only from a bowl to eat, not mixed taste. Plate is not available to eat, can only bowl. Bones and shells on the individual disk. Not clean the dishes must always be replaced with clean plates.
●一张典型中式餐桌看上去相当空，在西方人眼中尤甚。每张座位前可见放在盘上的一只碗；右面是一组筷子与汤匙，分别放在各自的座上。在正式场合上，会出现餐巾，主要放在膝上。
在正式宴席上，菜式的吃法很像放映的幻灯片，每一次一道菜。令人惊讶的是，米饭不是与菜式同上，不过可以选择同吃。由于菜式各有特色，应该个别品尝，而且一次只从碗中吃一种，不是混合品尝。不可用盘子吃，只能用碗。骨头和壳类放在个别盘中。不干净的盘子必须经常用清洁盘子替换。
in addition to Tom, the gallery of all the food with chopsticks. May provide a knife and fork, but as the Chinese people, it is best to use chopsticks. Chopsticks are eating a tool, so do not play with the chopsticks -- take them when the drumstick is a very rude way, but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or motioned. Of course, absolutely can not suck or to chopsticks chopsticks inserted in rice, it is Taboo -- this is like the funeral of incense, is considered unlucky. Again, can not use chopsticks in a non-stop flipping Diecai years, should be the first sights with your eyes you want to get food. When you use chopsticks to pick up one of the food, try to avoid the encounter other food. If possible, use public chopsticks and spoons beside. After dinner or take the food after the end, will chopsticks chopsticks back seat.
●除了汤之外，席上一切食物都用筷子。可能会提供刀*，但身为中国人，最好用筷子。筷子是进餐的工具，因此千万不可玩弄筷子———把它们当鼓槌是非常失礼的做法，更不可以用筷子向人指指点点或打手势示意。当然，绝对不可吸吮筷子或把筷子插在米饭中，这是大忌———这正好像葬礼上的香烛，被认为是不吉利的。再有，不可用筷子在一碟菜里不停翻动，应该先用眼睛看准你想取的食物。当你用筷了去取一块食物时，尽量避免碰到其他食物。可能的话，用旁边的公筷和汤匙。吃完饭或取完食物后，将筷子放回筷子座。
A seat Chinese restaurant without a formal tea and can not claim. Therefore, as far as possible, the storage of different varieties of tea is a sensible approach, to ensure the most sophisticated taste is also taken into account. Issues relating to tea, should pay attention to a few key things. Seats recently teapot people should be responsible for others and themselves --- --, pour the order in accordance with age, from longest to most young persons, the final pour myself. When the people you pour, the protocol should be used finger tapping on the table, this is done to pour expressed gratitude and respect.
●一席中式餐饮如果没有茶便称不上正式了。为此，尽可能贮存不同品种的茶是明智的做法，确保最精明的品味也照顾到。有关茶的问题，应该注意几件关键的事。座位最近茶壶的人应该负责为其他人和自己斟茶———斟茶的次序按照年岁，由最长者至最年青者，最后为自己斟。当人家为你斟茶时，礼节上应该用手指轻敲桌子，这样做是对斟茶者表示感谢和敬意。
